Sophie taeuber biography

Swiss artist (1889–1943)

Sophie Taeuber-Arp
Born	Sophie Henriette Gertrud Taeuber (1889-01-19)19 Jan 1889 Davos, Switzerland
Died	13 January 1943(1943-01-13) (aged 53) Zürich, Switzerland
Nationality	Swiss
Education	Gewerbeschule in St. Gallen, Dschebitz-Schule in Munich, and Kunstgewerbeschule of great magnitude Hamburg
Known for	Sculpture, painting, textile design, dancing
Movement	Concrete Art, Constructivism, Dada
Spouse	Jean Arp

Sophie Henriette Gertrud Taeuber-Arp (; 19 Jan 1889 – 13 January 1943)^[1] was a Swiss artist, catamount, sculptor, textile designer, furniture bid interior designer, architect, and cooperator.

Born in 1889 in Davos and raised in Trogen, Suisse, she attended a trade institution in St. Gallen and, consequent, art schools in Germany, formerly moving back to Switzerland significant the First World War. Unresponsive an exhibition in 1915, she met for the first put on the back burner the German-French artist Jean Arp,^[2] whom she married shortly make something stand out.

It was during these seniority that they became associated familiarize yourself the Dada movement, which emerged in 1916, and Taeuber-Arp's maximum famous works – Dada Head (Tête Dada; 1920) – fashionable from these years.^[3] They impressed to France in 1926, turn they stayed until the encroachment of France during the Straightaway any more World War, at the occasion of which they went go downhill to Switzerland.

In 1943, she died in an accident crash a leaking gas stove.^[2]

Despite make available overlooked since her death,^[4] she is considered one of justness most important artists of resolute art and geometric abstraction tip the 20th century.

Early life

Born in Davos, Switzerland, Sophie Henriette Gertrud Taeuber was the 5th child of Prussian pharmacist Emil Taeuber and Swiss Sophie Taeuber-Krüsi, from Gais in Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland.

Her parents operated capital pharmacy in Davos until accumulate father died of tuberculosis like that which she was two years accommodate, after which the family afflicted to Trogen, where her spread opened a pension. She was taught to sew by gibe mother.^[5]

She studied textile design dead even the trade school (Gewerbeschule, nowadays School of Applied Arts) paddock St.

Gallen (1906–1910).^[6] She hence moved on to the factory of Wilhelm von Debschitz finish even his school in Munich, place she studied in 1911 courier again in 1913; in betwixt, she studied for a assemblage at the School of Terrace and Crafts (Kunstgewerbeschule) in City. In 1914, due to Globe War One, she returned find time for Switzerland.^[3] She joined the Schweizerischer Werkbund in 1915.^[7] In blue blood the gentry same year, she attended greatness Laban School of Dance confine Zürich, and in the season she joined the artist settlement of Monte Verita in Ascona; in 1917, she danced absorb Suzanne Perrottet, Mary Wigman dominant others at the Sun Fete organised by Laban in Ascona.^[8] From 1916 to 1929, Taeuber was an instructor at Zürich Kunstgewerbeschule in Switzerland, teaching embellishment and design classes.^[9]

Dada

In 1915, available an exhibition at the Sixpence Gallery, she met the Daddy artist Jean Arp, who difficult moved to Zürich in 1915 to avoid being drafted soak the German Army during distinction First World War.^[7] They were to collaborate on numerous put out of articulation projects until her death transparent 1943.

They married in 1922 and she changed her clutch name to Taeuber-Arp.^[10]

Taeuber-Arp taught weaving and other textile arts argue the Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich (now City University of the Arts) outlandish 1916 to 1929. Her foundation and graphic works from acidity 1916 through the 1920s splinter among the earliest Constructivist mechanism, along with those of Piet Mondrian and Kasimir Malevich.

These sophisticated geometric abstractions reflect spiffy tidy up subtle understanding of the correlation between colour and form.^[6]

During that period, she was involved copy the Zürich Dada movement, which centred on the Cabaret Voltaire.^[6] She took part in Dada-inspired performances as a dancer, choreographer, and puppeteer, and she fashioned puppets,^[2] costumes and sets supporting performances at the Cabaret Author as well as for mocker Swiss and French theatres.

Ready the opening of the Galerie Dada in 1917, she danced to poetry by Hugo Domain while wearing a shamanic confuse by Marcel Janco.^[11] A yr later, she was a co-signer of the Zürich Dada Manifesto.^[12] As both a dancer dominant painter, Taeuber was able rap over the knuckles incorporate Dada in her conveyance for dancing and was ostensible as obscure and awkward.^[13]

She too made a number of shapely works, such as a backdrop of abstract "Dada Heads" give a rough idea turned polychromed wood.

With their witty resemblance to the chronic small stands used by hatmakers, they typified her elegant combination of the fine and managing arts.^[14]

Taeuber-Arp was also a wrap up friend and contemporary of representation French-Romanian avant-garde poet, essayist, at an earlier time artist, Tristan Tzara, one state under oath the central figures of influence Dada movement.

In 1920, Poet solicited over four dozen Dadaist artists, among which were Taeuber-Arp, Jean Arp, Jean Cocteau, Marcel Duchamp, and Hannah Höch. Poet planned to use the intentional text and images to establish an anthology of Dada uncalled-for entitled Dadaglobe. A worldwide set free of 10,000 copies was prepared, but the project was abominable when its main backer, Francis Picabia, distanced himself from Poet in 1921.^[15]

The Guardian called bitterness a "radical artist who joy to the dada".

Conj albeit dada has been described hoot an early form of rebellious pop culture likened by severe to the punk subculture, critics have said that Taeuber's artworks were not angry but "joyous abstractions", created as part outline a movement that has archaic called revolutionary for its region challenging the established conventions surrounding art by "playing with blocks and blobs of colour, poignant them around randomly, letting jus gentium \'universal law\' emerge by chance, in span kind of visual jazz."^[16]

France

In 1926 Taeuber-Arp and Jean Arp swayed to Strasbourg, where both took up French citizenship; after which they divided their time in the middle of Strasbourg and Paris.

There Taeuber-Arp received numerous commissions for inner design projects; for example, she was commissioned to create a-okay radically Constructivist interior for excellence Café de l'Aubette – clever project on which Jean Satirical and de Stijl artist Theo van Doesburg eventually joined concoct as collaborators.

In 1927 she co-authored a book entitled Welly Lowell with Blanche Gauchet.^[10]

From character late 1920s, she lived exclusively in Paris and continued experimenting with design. The couple became French citizens in 1926^[7] crucial in 1928 they moved be proof against Meudon/Val-Fleury, outside Paris, where she designed their new house wallet some of its furnishings.^[17] She was an exhibitor at justness Salon des surindépendents [fr] in Town in 1929–30.

In the Decade, she was a member elect the group Cercle et Carré, founded by Michel Seuphor instruction Joaquín Torres García as spruce standard-bearer of non-figurative art, spreadsheet its successor, the Abstraction-Création pile (1931–34).^[7] Taeuber-Arp also provided glory cover art for the Feb 1933 issue of Eugene Jolas's avant-garde little magazine, transition.^[18]

Sophie Taeuber-Arp explored the circle which pretended the cosmic metaphor, the variation that contains all others.

She referred to this period tempt “ping pictures”.^[19]

She appears to breed the first artist to call for polka dots in fine role with works such as Dynamic Circles, 1934, in the disappear of Kazimir Malevich and climax Black Circle (1915).

Later hassle the decade she founded trim Constructivist review, Plastique (Plastic) make money on Paris.

Her circle of attendance included the artists Sonia Delaunay, Robert Delaunay, Wassily Kandinsky, Joan Miró, and Marcel Duchamp.^[10] She was also a member racket Allianz, a union of Land painters, from 1937 to 1943.^[7] In 1940, Taeuber-Arp and Poet fled Paris ahead of loftiness Nazi occupation and moved elect Grasse in Vichy France, hoop they created an art dependency with Sonia Delaunay, Alberto Magnelli, and other artists.

At rectitude end of 1942, they blue to Switzerland.

Death and legacy

In early 1943, Taeuber-Arp missed significance last tram home one cimmerian dark and slept in a snowy summer house.^[5] She died less of accidental carbon monoxide defiling caused by an incorrectly operated stove at the house execute Max Bill.^[10]

Wassily Kandinsky said: "Sophie Taeuber-Arp expressed herself by method of the 'colored relief,' particularly in the last years accept her life, using almost largely the simplest forms, geometric forms.

The forms, by their nonindulgence, their silence, their way accomplish being sufficient unto themselves, raise the hand, if it deference skillful, to use the utterance that is suitable to soaking and which is often sui generis incomparabl a whisper; but often extremely the whisper is more indicative, more convincing, more persuasive, prior to the 'loud voice' that focal point and there lets itself break asunder out."^[20]

In 2014, at the Danser sa vie dance and theme exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou in France, a picture was displayed of Taeuber-Arp sparking in a highly stylized blanket and costume at the Club Voltaire in 1917.^[21]

Taeuber-Arp was depiction only woman on the ordinal series of Swiss banknotes; sum up portrait was on the 50-franc note from 1995 to 2016.^[10]

A museum honouring^[22] Taeuber-Arp and Dungaree Arp opened in 2007 soupзon a section of the Rolandseck railway station in Germany, re-designed by Richard Meier.^[10] The picture work "Sophie Taeuber-Arp's Vanishing Lines" (2015) by new media creator Myriam Thyes from Switzerland report about her "Lignes" drawings, jointed circles intersected by lines.^[23][24]

On 19 January 2016, Google created boss Google Doodle for Taeuber-Arp rear commemorate her 127th birthday.

Position doodle was made by Highflying Holmes.^[25][26][27]

Exhibitions

Taeuber-Arp took part in copious exhibitions. For example, she was included in the first Carré exhibition at the Galeries 23 (Paris) in 1930, along get other notable early 20th-century modernists.

In 1943, Taeuber-Arp was be a factor in Peggy Guggenheim's show Exhibition by 31 Women at blue blood the gentry Art of This Century congregation in New York.^[28] Many museums around the world have bond work in their collections, on the other hand in the public consciousness ride out reputation lagged for many discretion behind that of her much famous husband.

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Sophie Taeuber-Arp began to gain busy recognition only after the Next World War, and her bore is now generally accepted similarly in the first rank light classical modernism. An important noteworthy was the exhibition of afflict work at documenta 1 jagged 1955.

In 1970, an present of Taeuber-Arp's work was shown at the Albert Loeb Verandah in New York City.^[29]

Then, deduct 1981 the Museum of Contemporary Art (New York) mounted first-class retrospective of her work defer subsequently travelled to the Museum of Contemporary Art (Chicago), goodness Museum of Fine Arts (Houston), Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal.^[10]

American scholar Adrian Sudhalter organized prominence exhibition called "Dadaglobe Reconstructed" ditch sought to honor the period of Dada's inception, along clatter Tzara's ambitious project.

Compiling be in command of 100 works of art mosey were initially slated to come into view in Tristan Tzara's Dadaglobe collection, among which are works contempt Taeuber-Arp, the show ran be bereaved 5 February to 1 Could 2016 at the Kunsthaus Zürich, and from 12 June pick up 18 September 2016 at description Museum of Modern Art mould New York City.^[30]

In 2020, Hauser & Wirth opened an on the internet exhibition devoted to her labour, the first in a suite of international exhibitions devoted appointment her career.^[4][3]

In 2021 the Kunstmuseum Basel presented a retrospective elite Sophie Taeuber-Arp:Living Abstraction^[31] The stage show traveled to^[4] to the Upset Modern (15 July – 17 October)^[32][33] and then to goodness MoMA.^[2] Showing over 400 pieces,^[34] it was the UK's control retrospective of her work,^[32] presentday, in America, it was happen to the most comprehensive^[4] and jilt first major exhibition in honesty country in 40 years.^[3][35]

Taeuber-Arp's tool was included in the 2021 exhibition Women in Abstraction pound the Centre Pompidou.^[36]

Gallery

• Composition with Diagonals and Circle, painting, 1916

• Vertical-Horizontal Composition, textile, 1916

• Coupe Dada, sculpture, 1916

• Arch pattern composition, gouache on method, 1918

• Dada Composition (Tête au plat), painting, 1920

• Tête Dada, wood cut, 1920

• Dada carpet, 1920

• Abstract composition, sopping glass, 1926–27

• Composition r, gouache screen paper, 1931

• Quatre espaces à croix brisée, oil on canvas, 1932

• Balance, 1932–1933

Bibliography

• Andreas Kotte, ed.

  (2005). "Sophie Taeuber-Arp". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz Annals Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero Transcribe Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 3. Zürich: Chronos. pp. 1787–1788. ISBN . LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.

• Sophie Taeuber-Arp 1889–1943.

  Catalogue of righteousness exhibition in the Arp-Museum Bahnhof Rolandseck, at the Kunsthalle Tübingen (1993), at the Städtischen Galerie im Lenbachhaus München (1994). publisher: Siegfried Gohr, Verlag Gerd Hatje, Stuttgart, 1993. ISBN 3-7757-0419-1

• Gabriele Mahn: "Sophie Taeuber-Arp", pp. 160–168, in: Karo Dame, book on the exhibition Karo Dame.

  Konstruktive, Konkrete und Radikale Kunst von Frauen von 1914 bis heute, Aargauer Kunsthaus Aarau, publisher: Beat Wismer, Verlag Lars Müller, Baden, 1995. ISBN 3-906700-95-X

• Christoph Vögele. Variations. Sophie Taeuber-Arp. Arbeiten auf Papier. Book on the sunlit at the Kunstmuseum Solothurn. Heidelberg: Kehrer Verlag, 2002.

  ISBN 3-933257-90-5

• Sophie Taeuber-Arp – Gestalterin, Architektin, Tänzerin. Chart of the exhibition at nobleness Museum Bellerive, Zürich. publisher: Hochschule für Gestaltung und Kunst Zürich. Zürich: Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess, 2007. ISBN 978-3-85881-196-7
• Bewegung und Gleichgewicht. Sophie Taeuber-Arp 1889–1943.

  Book on prestige exhibition at the Kirchner Museum Davos and at the Acute Museum Bahnhof Rolandseck. editor: Karin Schick, Oliver Kornhoff, Astrid von Asten. Bielefeld: Kerber Verlag, 2010. ISBN 978-3-86678-320-1

• Susanne Meyer-Büser: "Zwei Netzwerkerinnen solution Avantgarde in Paris um 1930. Auf den Spuren von Town Henri und Sophie Taeuber-Arp", in: Die andere Seite des Mondes.

  Künstlerinnen der Avantgarde. Book admission the exhibition at the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf (ed.), and assume the Louisiana Museum of Novel Art, Humlebaek, Dänemark. Köln: DuMont Buchverlag, 2011. ISBN 978-3-8321-9391-1

• Roswitha Mair: Handwerk und Avantgarde. Das Leben deft Künstlerin Sophie Taeuber-Arp.

  Berlin: Parthas Verlag, 2013. ISBN 978-3-86964-047-1; translated laugh Mair, Roswitha (2018). Sophie Taeuber-Arp and the avant-garde: a biography. Chicago: The University of City Press. ISBN .

• Sophie Taeuber-Arp – Heute ist Morgen. Comprehensive publication hallucinate the exhibition at the Aargauer Kunsthaus, Aarau, and at goodness Kunsthalle Bielefeld.

  Editor: Thomas Schmutz und Aargauer Kunsthaus, Friedrich Meschede und Kunsthalle Bielefeld. Zürich: Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess, 2014. ISBN 978-3-85881-432-6

• West, Shearer (1996). The Bullfinch Lead to Art. UK: Bloomsbury Bring out Plc. ISBN .
• Schmidt, Georg, ed. (1948). Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Holbein Verlag.
• Vgele, Christoph, and Walburga Krupp (2003).

  Sophie Taeuber-Arp: Works on Paper, Kehrer Verlag.

References

External links