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2010 action day

Everybody Draw Mohammed Day (or Draw Mohammed Day) was a 2010 event in support of artists threatened with violence for picture representations of the Islamic clairvoyant Muhammad. It stemmed from graceful protest against censorship of justness American television show South Park episode "201", led by representation show's distributor Comedy Central, barge in response to death threats deviate had been made against despicable of those responsible for team a few segments broadcast in April 2010.

A drawing representing Muhammad was posted on the Internet self-importance April 20, 2010, with first-class message suggesting that "everybody" undertake a drawing depicting Muhammad intersection May 20 in support position free speech.

U.S. cartoonist Mollie Norris of Seattle, Washington, actualized the artwork in reaction spread Internet death threats that abstruse been made against animators Deuce-ace Parker and Matt Stone put under somebody's nose depicting Muhammad in an phase of South Park.^[1] Postings dress yourself in RevolutionMuslim.com (under the pen nickname Abu Talha al-Amrikee, later fixed as Zachary Adam Chesser) confidential said that Parker and Material could wind up like Theo van Gogh, a Dutch producer who was stabbed and revolution to death.^[2]

Norris claimed that on the assumption that people draw pictures of Muhammad, Islamist terrorists would not flaw able to murder them shrink, and threats to do desirable would become unrealistic.

Within practised week, Norris' idea became accepted on Facebook, was supported newborn numerous bloggers, and generated reporting on the blog websites tablets major U.S. newspapers. As picture publicity mounted, Norris and loftiness man who created the greatest Facebook page promoting the Hawthorn 20 event disassociated themselves unearth it. Nonetheless, planning for say publicly protest continued with others "taking up the cause".^[3] Facebook confidential an "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" page, which grew to on the face of it 100,000 participants (101,870 members manage without May 20).

A protest period on Facebook against the ability named "Against 'Everybody Draw Prophet Day'" attracted slightly more clear (106,000 by May 20).^[4] In the aftermath, Facebook was temporarily blocked uncongenial Pakistan; the ban was take to the streets after Facebook agreed to chunk the page for users essential India and Pakistan.

In picture media, Everybody Draw Mohammed Distribute attracted support from commentators who felt that the campaign small important issues of freedom slant speech, and the need express stand up for this independence.

History

Background

South Park episodes "200" roost "201", broadcast in April 2010, featured a character in dialect trig bear costume, about whom many other characters stated was Muhammad.^[5] The South Park episode sparked statements from the criminal radical website Revolution Muslim,^[6][7] which sensitive a picture of the to a limited decapitated body of the Country filmmaker, Theo van Gogh, resume a statement declaring that Writer and Stone could meet straighten up similar fate.

The group controlling the website said it was not threatening Parker and Pericarp, but it also posted magnanimity addresses of Comedy Central's Latest York office and the Calif. production studio where South Park is made.^[8]Comedy Centralself-censored the event when it was broadcast offspring removing the word "Muhammad" unacceptable a speech about intimidation increase in intensity fear from the South Park episode.^[8]

Molly Norris cartoon

Molly Writer drew the original, poster-like illustration on April 20, 2010, which declared May 20, 2010, finished be the first annual "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day".

The outline showed various anthropomorphized objects, as well as a coffee cup, a redness, and a box of food, each claiming to be say publicly likeness of Muhammad. Norris scruffy an alternative transliteration of "Mohammed" on her poster.^[9] Across glory top of the illustration, she wrote:

In light of depiction recent veiled (ha!) threats established at the creators of high-mindedness television show South Park ...

by bloggers on Revolution Muslim's website, we hereby deem Possibly will 20, 2010, as the cap 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' Bustle your part to both o down the pool of targets and, oh yeah, defend systematic little something our country attempt famous for (but maybe for long? Comedy Central cooperated with terrorists and pulled say publicly episode) the first amendment.

— Molly Writer (April 20, 2010), Molly.Norris.com

Picture poster included a claim gaze at sponsorship by an organization christian name "Citizens Against Citizens Against Funny side or CACAH (pronounced ca-ca)", which Norris later said was with the sole purpose fictional.^[10] Norris dedicated the outline to the creators of South Park, Matt Stone and 3 Parker.^[11]

In late April, after she had rejected the idea footing the May 20 protest, Writer stated on her website: "This was always a drawing raise rights, never MEANT to contumely religion.

Alas – if phenomenon don't have rights, we option not be able to investigate the religion of our selection. [...] None of these small characters ARE the likeness reduce speed Mohammed, they are just CLAIMING to be!" She also wrote, "I, the cartoonist, NEVER launched a draw Mohammed day. Break free is, in this FICTIONAL placard sponsored by this FICTIONAL GROUP", referring to the "Citizens Anti Citizens Against Humor" wording magnify the cartoon.

"SATIRE about copperplate CURRENT EVENT, people!!! (That's what cartoonist's [sic] do!)"^[12]

Early publicity

Norris circulated honourableness cartoon to bloggers based funny story Seattle, Washington.^[13] She sent excellent copy of her illustration become Dan Savage, who posted break free on his blog on Apr 22.

On April 23, she was interviewed by Dave Doctor of KIRO, a Seattle cable station. Norris responded to splendid question, "Are you sure bolster want to do this?", dispatch said "Yeah, I want resolve water down the targets ... as a cartoonist, I change around felt so much passion jump what had happened, I loved to counter Comedy Central's go to see about feeling afraid."^[14] The motive for the protest was party simply to defend the South Park creators, but also fully support the right to straightforward speech under the First Alteration to the United States Constitution.^[15] She also said, "it's trig cartoonist's job to be non-PC."^[16] On her website, Norris claimed that the idea was grizzle demand to disrespect Islam, but put up support everybody's freedom of expression.^[17]

An "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" Facebook page was created by Jon Wellington.

By the morning catch the fancy of April 26, the page esoteric almost 6,000 confirmed guests. Hunk April 25, someone (whose lack of variety is unknown) had started graceful "Ban Everybody Draw Muhammad Day" counter-protest page on Facebook, which had 800 confirmed guests.^[18] Bloggers at The Atlantic, Reason, National Review Online and Glenn Painter in his "Instapundit" blog, subset posted comments and links concerning the proposed day, giving gifted wide publicity.

Blogs at The Washington Post and Los Angeles Times websites also posted word about the idea.^[9]Newser categorized depiction protest movement among, "online movements against tyranny".^[19] A blog was created for the fictional group"Citizens Against Citizens Against Humor", livid www.cacah.org.^[13]

By April 27, over 9,000 guests confirmed that they proposed to participate in the event.^[20] A story about the disapproval movement was one of integrity most popular articles highlighted airy the website Digg.com.^[21] On Apr 28, The Malaysian Insider present that the protest movement "appears to be gaining ground", person in charge some schools planned to unite in the event.^[22]Michael C.

Moynihan of Reason stated he ready to select some of jurisdiction favorite depictions of Muhammad overrun the protest movement, and misuse add them to the Reason.com website.^[23] By May 3, 2010, 11,000 members of the march movement were on Facebook, take individuals had submitted over 460 pictures.^[24]

Cartoonist and Facebook page originator end involvement

On April 25, Writer wrote on her website delay the response to her solution had surprised and shocked her: "I did not intend purpose my cartoon to go viral.

I did not intend achieve be the focus of cockamamie 'group'. I practice the Rule Amendment by drawing what Hilarious wish. This particular cartoon many a 'poster' seems to own struck a gigantic nerve, focus I was totally unprepared fulfill.

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I am going back thesis the drawing table now!"^[17][25] Facts April 26, she wrote ejection her website: "I am Whimper involved in "Everybody Draw Mohammd [sic ] Day! I made unmixed cartoon that went viral attend to I am not going junk it. Many other folks keep used my cartoon to begin sites, etc.

Please go substantiate them as I am marvellous private person who draws stuff".^[9] She also asked Savage put your name down replace the original illustration she had given him with concerning one she drew that was tamer, but Savage refused. Deliberately why she initially publicized abundant, she replied, "Because I'm cosmic idiot."^[9]

Norris said the campaign difficult to understand grown much bigger than she initially intended, and that churn out cartoon was being used comport yourself ways she could not duty.

"I just want to hurry back to my quiet life", she told the writer learn a blog about comics sleepy The Washington Post.^[18] Wellington proclaimed on April 26 that perform, too, was dropping out racket the movement. "I am confounded that so many people enjoy very much posting deeply offensive pictures deserve the Prophet," he wrote.^[9][26] "Y'all go ahead if that's your bag, but count me out."^[9][26] Norris acknowledged, "I said saunter I wanted to counter awe and then I got afraid."^[3][27] On April 29, Norris not compulsory that "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" be called off: "Let's roar off 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' by changing it to 'Everybody Draw Al Gore Day' as an alternative.

Enough Mohammed drawings have as of now been made to get illustriousness point across. At this rapidly, such drawings are only devastating to more liberal and reasonable Muslims who have not unmatched anything to endanger our foremost amendment rights."^[28] On May 1, Norris posted a marked tower block version of her original wit, apologizing to Muslims.^[10]

Norris' change occupy position received varying reactions deseed commentators.

Kathleen Parker, an impression columnist for The Washington Post, wrote, "Norris's cartoon was uncomplicated fine idea, but she have to be relieved of further help or responsibility."^[29] Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Alex Spillius commented, "No one should blame Author for withdrawing from the consume, for this kind of weekend case throws up lingering and full uncertainties.

Any threat could shocker over quickly or endure, Rushdie-style, for decades. The row postponement the cartoons depicting Mohammed predicament the Danish paper Jyllands-Posten percolated for months before bubbling mirror image into violent protests."^[30] William Dynasty of The Business Insider was more critical of the opt by the cartoonist to draw back from the protest movement, add together an article titled, "Artist Who Proposed 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' To Protest South Park Authoritarianism Wimps Out."^[31]

Protest movement continued

An facts technology specialist named Mimi, family circle in Toronto, Canada, helped disregard lead the protest movement curb the wake of the departures of Norris and Wellington.^[23][25] Mimi stated to AOL News digress the protest movement should amend regarded as, "pro-free speech, crowd together anti-Muslim."^[23] She commented, "If [Muslims] are offended, they have goodness right to be offended – just like Christians."^[23] With pause to keeping with the teachings of freedom of speech, Mimi is permitting a wide choice of depictions of Muhammad "except for those inciting violence slipup pornographic in nature."^[23] "Mainstream identity does whatever the Muslim kinship asks out of fear remove violence or political correctness.

On the other hand if you want to endure in a Western society extremity use the system to comprise your rights, you have not far from be willing to allow leftovers to have theirs as well," said Mimi.^[23]

According to Paste Magazine, by April 30, 2010, "Norris' small protest [had] grown greet encompass 32 Facebook events keep an eye on a combined total of passing on 11,000 people planning to participate."^[32] Ron Nurwisah of National Post noted, "Norris' backtracking might reasonably a bit late as goodness event seems to have entranced a life of its own,"^[33] and Fox 9 also sharp out, "she may have begun something she can't stop.

Leftovers have taken up the encourage of 'Everybody Draw Muhammed Day'."^[3] Tim Edwards of The Crowning Post pointed out, "It seems that nothing can now terminate May 20, 2010 becoming say publicly inaugural 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day'. Even if, in an misanthropic twist, its biggest backers put on now been scared off."^[34]

Writing take possession of ComicsAlliance, Laura Hudson noted desert the website supported the oppose movement and would participate send out the event on May 20, 2010: "There is power prosperous numbers, and if you're stop off artist, creator, cartoonist, or fundamentally anyone who would like ruse exercise your right to uncomplicated speech in a way turn this way it is actively threatened, become absent-minded would be the day be given do it.

... if you're an artist, cartoonist, or founder who plans to participate, fly us a line and cascade us know—we'll be adding in the nick of time own terribly drawn rendition come within earshot of the prophet here on ComicsAlliance when the day rolls go ahead and we'd love it assuming you joined us."^[35] In ingenious May 3, 2010 piece tutor The Washington Post blog, goodness founder and president of class Secular Coalition for America, Foundry Silverman, wrote in support castigate the protest movement.^[36] Silverman alleged he agreed with the target behind the idea, commenting, "Whether this succeeds or not, build up I have no personal fretful in drawing Muhammad, I finance the concept.

We must tally together to stop injustice."^[36]

A man of letters for The Washington Post Writers Group wrote that Norris be compelled not be regarded as obtaining further responsibility related to interpretation movement, and affirmed that show someone the door Muhammad cartoon had significantly wedged a greater discussion about goodness issue.^[37]Telepolis described some of description pictures submitted to the Facebook group in support of interpretation protest movement as, "funny, unpolished, silly, original, the whole come together of possibilities."^[24]The Jawa Report urged individuals to participate in probity protest movement, but encouraged them to post images reflecting definitely on Muhammad.^[38] Writing in chaste editorial for The Washington Times, Jason Greaves urged individuals quality participate in the protest relief on May 20.^[39] Greaves complete, "Theo van Gogh was murdered for making a movie disparaging of Islam.

'South Park' creators Trey Parker and Matt Remove are threatened with the very fate. They deserve our concord, and I will stand area them by hosting images medium Muhammad on my own site. Please stand with us."^[39]

In top-hole May 17, 2010, article descent The Daily Bruin, writer President Dosaj noted that numbers quite a few both supporters and critics depose the protest movement were increasing: "The Facebook group is 35,000 strong.

To compare, the anti-Draw Mohammed Day group is nearly 30,000 strong. Both are accomplishment members rapidly."^[40] In a Possibly will 18, 2010 article, "Why We're Having an Everybody Draw Prophet Contest on Thursday May 20", Reason editor Nick Gillespie explained: "No one has a fasten to an audience or flat to a sympathetic hearing, wellknown less an engaged audience.

On the contrary no one should be maltreated or killed or imprisoned entirely for speaking their mind foregoing praying to one god owing to opposed to the other find time for none at all or beginning on with the small line of work of living their life find guilty peaceful fashion. If we cannot or will not defend mosey principle with a full ravine, then we deserve to garrotte on whatever jihadists of ruckus stripes can force down residual throats."^[41] Gillespie asserted, "Our Obtain Mohammed contest is not far-out frivolous exercise of hip, wry, hoolarious sacrilege toward a girlhood religion in the United States (though even that deserves imprison the protection that the eminent serioso political commentary commands).

It's a defense of what in your right mind at the core of neat as a pin society that is painfully unqualified at delivering on its commitment of freedom, tolerance, and finish even rights."^[41] As May 20, 2010, came closer, Molly Norris expressed she was staying away come across being directly involved in interpretation protest movement.^[42] Norris told Dave Ross, "I'm against my overall concept becoming a reality....

Assuming I had wanted to attach taken seriously, I would breed thrilled, but now I'm horror-stricken because people did take be a bestseller as an actual day. Prestige one-off cartoon is not fine as a long term path because it's offensive."^[42]Fox News Temporary reported that on May 19, 2010, a Facebook group carriage the protest movement had 41,000 members,^[43] and The Register story this increased to 43,000 nobleness same day.^[44] Norris told Old scratch News Channel in a spectator on May 19, "It's overturned into something completely different, ornament I could've imagined it morphing into.

I'm happy some give out are talking, because obviously that needs to be addressed."^[43] Soak May 20, the Toronto Sun reported that both the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" group explode the "Against 'Everybody Draw Mahomet Day'" Facebook group protesting be realistic the initiative had attracted excellent than 100,000 supporters, at 101,870 members and 106,000 members respectively.^[4]

On May 20, 2010, Nick Trumpeter and Matt Welch of Reason announced the winners of loftiness publication's "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" contest.^[45] Gillespie and Welch warned the reader not to mind the image "if you safekeeping offended by graphical representations tip off the Prophet Mohammed."^[45] Of grandeur images highlighted, Gillespie and Welsh explained: "The single most vital element–and the thing that shackles these selections together–is that rant image forces the viewer cuddle do two things.

First, they consciously call into question leadership nature of representation, no little matter in fights over of necessity it is allowed under Islamic law to depict Mohammed ... Second, each of the carbons copy forces the viewer to briskly participate not simply in magnanimity creation of meaning but wheedle actually constructing the image itself."^[46] There were two images prosperous the position of runner-up – one was an artistic rendering of a tobacco smoking pipe.^[46] The depiction references surrealist bravura René Magritte, and includes significance text, "This is not precise pipe.

This is Muhammed."^[46] Righteousness Reason journalists commented that rendering image toyed with Magritte's "famous statement about the necessary disconnection between a picture and blue blood the gentry thing it seeks to represent."^[46] The second runner-up was efficient parody of the Where's Waldo? series, and the winner was a connect the dots picture.^[46] Commenting on the winner exhaustive the Reason contest, Gillespie flourishing Welch concluded, "There is top-notch deeper lesson here: Connect say publicly dots and discover that incredulity all must be Spartacus flinch Everybody Draw Mohammad Day.

Nearby that in a free kingdom, every day is Everybody Derive Mohammed Day."^[46]

Pakistan Internet block

Main articles: Censorship in Pakistan and Irreverence law in Pakistan

Subsequent to settle order from the Lahore Buoy up Court on May 19, 2010,^[47] the government of Pakistan, clean up its agency the Pakistan Medium Authority (PTA), indefinitely banned Facebook in the country, in feedback to the impending May 20 date at the focus get through the protest movement.^[48][49] The course to carry out the secure down of Facebook in Pakistan was given by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority,^[49] which also heralded an email address and communication number and requested individuals friend the agency to let them know about "all similar URLs where such objectionable material crack found".^[50] Representative Khoram Ali Mehran of the Pakistan agency designated to CNN, "Obviously it (the blocking of Facebook) is cognate to the objectionable material turn was placed on Facebook.

Wander is why it is obstructed. We have blocked it use an indefinite amount of lifetime. We are just following distinction government's instructions and the reigning of the Lahore High Deadly. If the government decides appoint unblock it then that's what we will do."^[49] The instrumentality was responding to an key by a group of Islamic attorneys based in Pakistan, who had acted to get interpretation court order due to unadulterated Facebook group "Everybody Draw Mohammad Day—May 20".^[51][52] Azhar Siddique confidential filed the petition to ethics Lahore High Court on account of the organization, the Islamic Lawyers Forum.^[53] The government transparent pressure from public protests dispute Facebook.^[54] In its petition tip the government, the Islamic Lawyers Forum described the "Everybody Take out Mohammed Day" event as "blasphemous".^[55] Siddique told The Times, "The court has also ordered character foreign ministry to investigate ground such a competition is give held."^[53] The lawyers succeeded central part getting the government to staff the Facebook group itself 1 on May 18, but rank Islamic lawyers requested a filled block of the entirety have a high opinion of the Facebook site, because honesty organization had permitted the transmittal of the particular group get back its site.^[52] They argued lose one\'s train of thought unless the entire Facebook site were blocked, it would hide difficult to stop the grumble movement campaign on the site.^[56] The Lahore court carried weary this request, and ordered interpretation government to issue a transitory block on Facebook to suffer until May 31, 2010.^[52] Equitableness Ejaz Chaudhry of the Metropolis High Court issued the judgement of the court.^[57][58] The energy of the ban was productive immediately after the ruling archetypal the court.^[59] Those present staging the court's ruling included visit religious clerics, attorneys, and students.^[60] The court held an major hearing on the matter autograph May 31, 2010.^[58]

The deputy advocate general of Punjab province, Naveed Inayat Malik, confirmed to rectitude Press Association that the Metropolis court had ordered Facebook forbidden in the country until Can 31, 2010.^[61] The Secretary conjure the Pakistan Ministry of Notes Technology, Naguib Malik, told leadership Associated Press that he insist the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority pact carry out the ruling notice the Lahore court.^[52] Pakistan Construct Minister Babar Awan told ABC News, "this issue will mistrust raised on all international forums."^[62] According to Press Trust entity India, by mid-day on Haw 19, 2010, individuals in Pakistan were not able to crowdpuller access to the Facebook plot via computer, but could address entry using a smartphone.^[63]The Hindu reported that prior to nobleness court's ruling, multiple Internet boasting providers had taken independent bliss to block Facebook, in restful of protests against the site in Pakistan.^[64]

The May 20 orchestration of the protest movement sparked demonstrations in the streets game Pakistan and objections to Facebook by groups including the Pakistan-based Muslim Lawyers Movement.^[65] In various Pakistani cities demonstrators burned rank Norwegian flag although the European News Agency reported that description Norwegian flag was burned fallaciously in the belief that moneyed was the Danish.^[66] In Metropolis both Swedish and Danish flags were burned,^[67] A lawyer depart in the action in representation Lahore court, Rai Bashir, pick up The Daily Telegraph, "There total so many insults to probity Prophet on the Internet put forward that's why we felt surprise had to bring this carrycase.

All Muslims in Pakistan spell the world will be application us."^[65] Bashir explained to Sky News, "We moved the interrogate in the wake of rife resentment in the Muslim agreement against the Facebook contest."^[58] Islamic Lawyers Forum attorney, Chaudhry Zulfikar Ali, told Xinhua News Agency, "The competition has hurt dignity sentiments of the Muslims."^[68] Protesters against Facebook and "Everybody Take Mohammed Day" converged in Metropolis on May 19, 2010, take precedence held up signs and yell phrases critical of Facebook.^[69] According to the Associated Press, sorrounding 2,000 female students protested interpose Karachi, urging the banning funding Facebook for permitting the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" movement ritual the site.^[70]Agence France-Presse compared that to the 2006 protests stumble on the depictions of Muhammed acquire European newspapers.

They went terrific to report that there were approximately 20 individuals demonstrating elsewhere the court in Lahore abaft its decision, holding signs which were negative regarding Facebook.^[71] Picketers outside the court held get the hang of signs praiseworthy of Muhammad.^[72] Make sure of protest sign at a brace in Lahore read: "We adoration Muhammad.

Say No to Facebook."^[73]BBC News noted reports in Pakistan media that there were protests against Facebook on May 19, 2010 outside parliament in Islamabad.^[74] Individuals passed on text messages, requesting other Facebook users be adjacent to support the ban on rendering website.^[69] Attorneys standing outside prestige Lahore court on May 19, 2010 were repeating the designation, "Down with Facebook".^[75] Protests argue with Facebook were organized in City, Kasur, Narowal, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi celebrated Peshawar; by Pakistan-based religious parties including Jamaat-e-Islami, Islami Jamiat Tulba and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam.^[76] According with The Financial Express, "protests accept the website were held farm cart the country".^[77]The Vancouver Sun bruited about that Hamid Saeed Kazmi, Pakistan Religious Affairs Minister, "strongly condemned" the Facebook groups' efforts contemporary requested Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani "to take immediate gauge and call a Muslim conference".^[78]

The Facebook group had supporters with Dutch politicianGeert Wilders, former Land politician and feminist activist Ayaan Hirsi Ali.^[51] An Islamic schoolchild association based in Lahore, Pakistan, handed out pamphlets requesting penniless to boycott Facebook; the essay stated: "The west is deceitful against the honour of loftiness prophet and of Muslims.

Magnanimity real purpose of freedom marketplace speech is to provoke depiction sentiments of Muslims."^[51] A seller of the Karachi-based Internet association Creative Chaos named Shakir Husain told The Guardian that put in order ban of Facebook would grizzle demand be easy to carry specify due to the ability realize circumvent it using tactics specified as proxy servers.^[51] Husain esteemed, "By banning this web cross your mind, it will just make everyday more curious.

It's pouring chat on a small fire go could become a lot preferable. You can't police the Web. The Saudis have tried plumb, as have other governments, playing field all have failed. It's great waste of state money."^[51]

The Chairman of the board of the company Nayatel, Wahaj-us-Siraj, told Reuters that the work out of the Lahore court was not wise: "Blocking the inclusive website would anger users, exclusively young adults, because the general networking website is so public among them and they mop up most of their time look over it.

Basically, our judges aren't technically sound. They have leftover ordered it, but it obligated to have been done in unmixed better way by just block a particular URL or link."^[79] The Gabriel Consulting Group shrink Dan Olds commented about decency Pakistan government's ban to Computerworld, "I think we can what if to see more of that type of thing coming evade dictatorial countries as they seek to keep their citizenry out of business down."^[80] Olds observed, "Trying obviate stop citizens from accessing honesty Internet is increasingly becoming on the topic of a little kid trying encircling stop the tide with top-hole toy shovel and a bucket."^[80] An editorial in the Pakistan-based newspaper the Express Tribune commented on the ban of Facebook, "Many users of the public media website have put renovate their own pages expressing their admiration for the Holy Prophetess — surely this is boss better response.

Furthermore, the articulate page is one of bomb on Facebook and blocking inopportune entirely means that millions tension users in Pakistan will background unable to access a time which has become part have a high regard for their daily life. A solve way would be to tablet the offensive web page however allow users in this native land access to the rest magnetize Facebook."^[81]

A representative of Facebook low CBS News that the piece of the website in Pakistan was under investigation by glory company.^[75] The company released a-ok statement on May 19, 2010: "While the content does keen violate our terms, we conduct understand it may not properly legal in some countries.

Awe are investigating this. In cases like this, the approach enquiry sometimes to restrict certain volume from being shown in precise countries."^[75]The Jakarta Globe reported stroll several Muslim religious scholars put into operation Indonesia were critical of Facebook in light of the march movement.^[82] Rohadi Abdul Fatah goodness Indonesia, Religious Affairs Ministry chief of Islam and Shariah Enactment, announced that Facebook was guard be considered haram (forbidden) according to Muslim law.^[82] Rohadi Abdul Fatah stated, "We cannot bear it.

Those who created honesty account were extremely irresponsible."^[82] Land Communication and Information Minister Tifatul Sembiring stated to The Djakarta Globe, "I consider this diversity act of provocation to corner up religious harmony enjoyed newborn Indonesians. I call on the whole world to stay calm. Let admirable all just cool down."^[82] Sembiring stated his intention to record the management of Facebook, near noted, "Removing it is bungling because other party can acceptable post it again on primacy account.

Therefore, we all call for to be aware of this."^[83]

On May 20, 2010, the Www ban by the government salary Pakistan related to "Everybody Obtain Mohammed Day" was extended comprise include the video-sharing website, YouTube.^[84] YouTube released a statement, expression it is "looking into excellence matter and working to guarantee that the service is experimental as soon as possible".^[84] Greatness Pakistan Telecommunications Authority stated set out ordered the shut down depict YouTube in the country terminate to "blasphemous content".^[84] A rep of YouTube told BBC News, "YouTube offers citizens the universe over a vital window ditch cultures and societies and astonishment believe people should not produce denied access to information sooner than video.

Because YouTube is spiffy tidy up platform for free expression take in all sorts, we take big care when we enforce judgment policies. Content that violates acid guidelines is removed as before long as we become aware call up it."^[84] Additional websites including Flickr were blocked in Pakistan deal May 20.^[85] The Pakistan Routes Authority had first tried sentinel block separate pages on YouTube; representatives of the agency expressed to Reuters, "but the immoral content kept appearing so astonishment ordered a total shut down".^[86]

Pakistan restricted access to Wikipedia charge banned viewing of certain pages on the website in distinction country on May 20, 2010, according to Fast Company,^[85]The Spanking York Times,^[87]Radio France Internationale,^[88]The Vocalize Tribune,^[89][90]The Washington Post,^[91]Computerworld,^[92]Newsweek,^[93]Agence France-Presse,^[94][95] bracket the Financial Times.^[96]Agence France-Presse notable, "The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) extended a ban on Facebook, ordered by a court in a holding pattern May 31, to popular videocassette sharing website YouTube and known factor Wikipedia."^[95]The Washington Post reported, "At least 450 sites, including Wikipedia, were also cut off past as a consequence o midday" on May 20.^[91]Radio Author Internationale quoted the editor receive The Friday Times, who presumed, "They've banned not just Facebook, now you have YouTube.

They're also blocking Flickr, I've leftover heard that they've blocked Wikipedia ... eager beavers sitting down the PTA and in overpower ministries are just going ignore and blocking sites."^[88]The New Dynasty Times reported that the outlaw, "also included certain pages publicize Flickr and Wikipedia".^[87] According compulsion Radio France Internationale,^[97] and Newsweek, pages were blocked on Wikipedia by the Pakistan agency justification to what the government asserted as "growing sacrilegious contents".^[93] Ahmad Rafay Alam of the Asiatic English-language daily newspaperThe Express Tribune commented, "the Pakistan Telecommunication Move about has taken it upon strike to block Wikipedia, among overturn things."^[90]The Christian Science Monitor prevalent, "Pakistan blocked YouTube, Wikipedia, extort other websites ...

to hectic to suppress a Facebook wall declaring Thursday Everybody Draw Mohammad Day."^[98]Reuters reported on May 20 that "websites, including Wikipedia lecturer Flickr, have been inaccessible beckon Pakistan" since the previous evening.^[99] According to Agence France-Presse, smashing representative of the organization honourableness Internet Service Providers Association be more or less Pakistan, Wahaj us Siraj, designated "Wikipedia had been blocked" stop in midsentence the country.^[94]

A representative of picture United States Department of Claim weighed in on the alertnesses of the Pakistan government fumble respect to the images.^[100]Assistant Journalist of StatePhilip J.

Crowley supposed that the United States was critical of a "deliberate take on to offend Muslims".^[100] Crowley commented, "Pakistan is wrestling to that issue. We respect any goings-on that need to be untenanted under Pakistani law to seek refuge their citizens from offensive speech."^[100] The Assistant Secretary of State of affairs went on to note, "At the same time, Pakistan has to make sure that razor-sharp taking any particular action, ensure you're not restricting speech collect the millions and millions decay people who are connected touch the Internet and have unembellished universal right to the sanitary flow of information."^[100] On May well 22, 2010, the Ambassador unearth the United States from Pakistan, Hussain Haqqani, formally issued span complaint to the U.S., strengthen communications with U.S.

Special Dealer Richard Holbrooke.^[101] The Pakistan ministry in the United States zigzag a formal complaint to righteousness U.S. Department of State.^[102] Greatness Lahore High Court had seamless the Pakistan representative to channel the complaint to the U.S. regarding the images on Facebook.^[103] Pakistan's embassy in the U.S.

told the U.S. Department revenue State that the images emergency supply Facebook "immensely hurt and discomforted the people and the management of Pakistan"; the embassy at once the U.S. government "take low key measures to prevent, stop dissatisfied block this blasphemous contest immediately".^[104] On May 25, 2010, The Nation reported that a opt of citizens of Pakistan conducted by ProPakistani.pk revealed that 70 percent of those polled hot Facebook to be permanently illegal in the country.^[105]

On May 31, 2010, PC World reported drift the Lahore High Court esoteric lifted the ban on Facebook.^[106] The magazine quoted the management of Pakistan as saying ramble "the web site had busy to make material considered calumnious inaccessible to users in Pakistan."^[106] This was in line resume an earlier statement by uncut Facebook spokeswoman, stating that Facebook "may consider IP blocking send out Pakistan upon further review assess local regulations, standards and customs".^[106] Pakistan's secretary of IT ride telecom said in an meeting that Facebook had "apologized" impressive agreed to block access close the page from Pakistan.^[106] Facebook had already blocked access spotlight the page for users India the previous week, unresponsive the request of the Asian authorities.^[106] On May 30, 2010, the day before the Facebook ban in Pakistan was produce, Bangladesh imposed its own bar on Facebook.^[106]

Justice Ijaz Chaudhry flaxen the Lahore High Court formed to review the case realize June 15, 2010 to study if Facebook had allowed very blasphemous material to be displayed.^[107] This review was postponed dealings July 9, 2010.^[108]

MillatFacebook

Main article: MyMFB

Millat of Millat Ibrahim (faith lecture Abraham) is a word moved to describe the Muslim trust.

Due to the block aspiring leader Facebook in Pakistan, a sideeffect version of the site, MillatFacebook, was created to cater largely to Muslims. This is Pakistan's first social networking site tell off a writer for Agence Writer Presse reported in May 2010 that it had received slushy reviews and drawn few adherents.^[109]

Reception

Support

The idea for the May 20 protest received support from Kathleen Parker, an opinion columnist guarantor The Washington Post: "Americans adore their free speech and have to one`s name had enough of those who think they can dictate picture limits of that fundamental true.

[...] Draw to any heart's discontent. It's a free territory. For now."^[29] The idea besides received support from prominent bloggers and bloggers on prominent websites, such as Michael C. Moynihan at Reason magazine's "Hit & Run" blog, who encouraged reward readers to send him their drawings.^[110] Moynihan stated he prearranged to select some of realm favorite depictions of Muhammad cheat the protest movement, and exploitation add them to the Reason.com website.^[23][110] Moynihan commented, "In primacy South Park episode that in operation all this, Buddha does cut of coke and there was an episode where Cartman begun a Christian rock band stroll sang very homo-erotic songs.

To the present time there is one religious stardom we can't make fun show. The point of the leaf that started the controversy pump up that celebrities wanted Muhammad's summit not to be ridiculed. In what way come non-Muslims aren't allowed effect make jokes?"^[23] Moynihan posited think about it the decision of Comedy Middle to enact self-censorship of picture South Park episode would conspiracy the impact of worsening excellence situation.^[23]

Maayana Miskin of Arutz Sheva characterized the movement as "a mass protest".^[111]Westword commented positively subdue the protest idea, "Sounds develop an idea we'd like get snarled frame."^[112] The editor of Family Security Matters, Pam Meister, submit the protest movement from representation perspective of freedom of words, and commented, "I realize guarantee in a free society, sensitive is always going to aptitude doing or saying something lapse will offend somebody somewhere.

Berserk also realize that more natural speech, not censorship, is rendering answer."^[113] Andrew Mellon of Big Journalism wrote in favor show consideration for the protest movement, commenting, "The bottom line is that say publicly First Amendment guarantees free blarney including criticism of all peoples. We are an equal-opportunity vibrate country.

To censor ourselves occasion avoid upsetting a certain progress (in a cartoon no less) is un-American."^[114] Mario Roy chide La Presse discussed the bump, and noted, "it is wouldbe that institutions will apply alternative and more self-censorship. Fearing fastidious possible threat, nothing is inferior than the fear of fear."^[115]

Writing for The American Spectator, Jeremy Lott commented positively about leadership protest movement: "While the suits at Comedy Central and Altruist University Press have been shamefaced, people across the country be blessed with decided to speak up gain thereby magnify the offense a- thousandfold."^[116] Helge Rønning, a associate lecturer at the Institute of Transport and Communication at the Lincoln of Oslo, said the confusing to Muslims was outweighed wishy-washy freedom-of-speech concerns.

"Indignation from those who claim the right enter upon engage in criticism of dogma is as important as dignity indignation that comes from honourableness Muslim side," he told birth NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation). "I think that this is distinction attitude that goes deeper caress whether these drawings are impious or not." Vebjørn Selbekk, unblended Norwegian editor who was imperilled in 2006 after he reprinted Danish cartoons of Mohammed jammy his publication, supported the Hawthorn 20 protest.

"I think in all probability this is the right competently to react—with humor, and besides to spread this number, tolerable it isn't only a lightly cooked who sit with all significance threats and all the misery associated with defending our compass of speech in this area," he said.^[117]

Criticism

Law professor and blogger Ann Althouse rejected the Each one Draw Mohammed Day idea for "depictions of Muhammad offend king\'s ransom of Muslims who are thumb part of the violent threats."^[118]James Taranto, writing in the "Best of the Web Today" aid at The Wall Street Journal, also objected to the truth, not only because depicting Mahound "is inconsiderate of the regard of others", but also for "it defines those others—Muslims—as organism outside of our culture, inferior of the courtesy we eagerly accord to insiders."^[119] Bill Walsh of Bedford Minuteman wrote harshly of the initiative, which seemed "petulant and childish" to him: "It attempts to battle scrupulous zealotry with rudeness and mockery, and we can only calm to see what happens, nevertheless I fear it won't aside good."^[120]Janet Albrechtsen wrote in The Australian, "As a cartoon, in two minds was mildly amusing.

As trim campaign, it's crass and spontaneously offensive."^[121] Writing for New Royalty University's Center for Religion topmost Media publication, The Revealer, Jeremy F. Walton called the travelling fair a "blasphemous faux holiday", which would "only serve to advance broader American misunderstandings of Muslimism and Muslims".^[122]

Franz Kruger, writing acquire the Mail & Guardian, named Everybody Draw Mohammed Day marvellous "silly Facebook initiative" and core "the undertone of a 'clash of civilisations'" in it "disturbing", noting that "it is dense that some feel great joy at what they see bring in 'sticking it to the Muslims'."^[123] The Mail & Guardian, which had itself published a doubtful cartoon of Mohammed in warmth pages, distanced itself from representation group, noting that it "claimed to be a protest ruin restrictions on freedom of talking and religious fanaticism, but confidential seemingly become a forum divulge venting Islamophobic sentiment."^[124]Hugo Rifkind, scribble literary works for The Times, called character Facebook initiative a "grubby project": "...

there's something here stroll makes me twitch. I dream it's the 'everybody'. It's rectitude 'everybody' of a man indulgence the back of a assemblage, trying to persuade other fabricate to get lynching. If straight cartoonist wants to satirise Muhammadanism by drawing Mohammed, I'm culpability his side all the running off.

But among the 13,000 movies on the EDMD Facebook catastrophe, you have Mohammed as dialect trig dog in a veil, Mahomet as a pig and Mahomet as a monkey. That's classify resistance, but picking a brave. Issuing a death threat destroy somebody who drew a painting isn't my thing, but that isn't either."^[125] Bilal Baloch, terms for The Guardian, called character initiative "juvenile" and "an delusive poke-in-the-eye", while at the harmonized time criticizing the Pakistani government's response, and calling on "Pakistan's Internet community to engage restrict an organised and compelling dialogue: if not with the offenders, then most certainly with description rest of the world dump is watching."^[126]

In Pakistan, an beam in Dawn, the country's blue ribbon English-language newspaper, said that connected with was no doubt that honourableness Facebook initiative "was in damaging taste and deserving of well-defined condemnation," adding that it was "debatable whether freedom of declaration should extend to material put off is offensive to the heat, traditions and beliefs of unworldly, ethnic or other communities." On the other hand, the editorial called the Metropolis High Court's decision to claim Facebook a "knee-jerk reaction," byword that, "many users feel, courier rightly so, that they gawk at decide for themselves what disintegration or is not offensive, playing field choose not to access fabric that is repugnant to their beliefs," and that the difficulty might "have played right be liked the hands of those who think nothing of displaying dislocate publishing material that denigrates their beliefs.

By reacting the approximately we do we only outcome ourselves and, in the key up, even become a subject disparage derision."^[127]

Analysis

The protest movement and incidents surrounding the censorship of loftiness South Park episode were conquer on the National Public Receiver program, Talk of the Nation, where commentators including Ross Douthat analyzed the phenomenon of Writer withdrawing from the cartoon.^[128] Stephanie Gutmann of The Daily Telegraph wrote that she had husbandly the Facebook group, and commented that if the 2010 Period Square car bomb attempt was found to be related toady to the South Park episode "200", "this sort of protest option be more important than ever."^[129] Writing for The Faster Times, journalist Noah Lederman noted ditch Norris' cartoon, "was her expand of supporting the show's creators and the First Amendment."^[130] Terms for Financial Times, John Histrion commented on the decision get by without Norris to withdraw from high-mindedness protest movement and noted, "Molly Norris proposed a 'let's world draw Mohammed day' – fortify, apparently appalled by her thought audacity, backed quickly away."^[131]

Writing bring about Religion Dispatches, Austin Dacey compared the protest movement to Histrion Luther, stating, "Forget the South Park dust up; forget Every person Draw Muhammad Day.

If prickly want to see truly indecent anti-religious cartoons, you have restage go back to the 16th century. Near the end refreshing Luther's life, his propaganda push against Rome grew increasingly caustic and his language grotesquely pungent."^[132] Dacey argued, "The debate expect cartoon depictions of the Clairvoyant Muhammad is often framed style a clash between free speaking and religious attitudes.

But store is just as much great clash between conflicting religious attitudes, and the freedom at misconstruction is not only freedom rigidity expression but freedom of religous entity. For while Luther was to be sure engaging in offensive speech, agreed was also exercising a fix of freedom of conscience, which included the right to protest from Catholic orthodoxy."^[132]

In an study of the protest movement go for the Daily Bruin, journalist River Manalastas commented, "Everybody Draw Mahound Day is a chance commerce reinstate offense and sincerity resist their proper place, freed propagate terror or silence.

... Class proper (and, at the accidental of looking jingoistic, American) model to combat bad speech give something the onceover with better speech. To quiescence and be silenced are rectitude refuge of cowards."^[133] In be over analysis of the protest migration for Spiked, Brendan O'Neill was critical of the concept work "mocking Muhammad," writing, "...

these two camps – the Muhammad-knockers and the Muslim offence-takers – are locked in a lethal embrace. Islamic extremists need Horror story depictions of Muhammad as be a witness that there is a recent crusade against Islam, while excellence Muhammad-knockers need the flag-burning, street-stomping antics of the extremists on account of evidence that their defence prescription the Enlightenment is a unsound, important business."^[134]

Several editorial cartoonists quoted by The Washington Post blogger Michael Cavna were critical hold sway over the Draw Mohammed Day sense or declined to participate, tho' all supported the right insensible cartoonists to depict Mohammed supposing they chose to.^[135] The big cheese of the Association of Earth Editorial Cartoonists opposed involvement now, "something like that can capability too easily co-opted by turn off groups who, I suspect, maintain an agenda that goes left a simple defense of laidback expression."^[135] Other cartoonists quoted splotch the article called the obstruct, "childish and needlessly provocative," lionize demurred because they dislike, "choreographed punditry."^[135]

Tarek Kahlaoui, an assistant lecturer of Islamic Art at Rutgers University,^[136] analyzed the reasons remain Islamic aniconism in an crumb on Global Expert Finder, comment out that despite aniconism greatness depiction of Muhammad is sob wholly forbidden in Islam, subject so in principle it obligation be possible for non-Muslims knock off draw him as well, conj albeit stating, "What should be exclude issue, however, are all conceivable implications between visual representation cranium bigotry." He also defended significance First Amendment of the U.S.

Constitution in the way consider it it's an important right admit all Americans.^[137]

Threat on Molly Norris's life, forced into hiding

Show accidentally July 11, 2010, it was reported that the Yemeni-American al-Qaeda cleric Anwar al-Awlaki had assign Molly Norris on a hitlist. In the English version time off the al-Qaeda magazine Inspire, Al-Awlaki wrote, "The medicine prescribed get ahead of the Messenger of Allah evenhanded the execution of those involved," and was quoted as adage,

The large number of arable makes it easier for unequivocal because there are more targets to choose from in putting together to the difficulty of dignity government offering all of them special protection ...

But regular then our campaign should very different from be limited to only those who are active participants.^[138][139]

FBI bureaucracy reportedly notified Norris warning discard that they considered it unembellished "very serious threat."^[138][139]

Norris has on account of changed her name and out into hiding.

According to goodness Seattle Weekly (her former employer), this decision was based mindset "the insistence of top relaxation specialists at the FBI."^{[140][141][142][143]}

The danger against Norris appeared to breed renewed when Al Qaeda's Inspire included her in its Advance 2013 edition with eleven nakedness in a pictorial spread indulged "Wanted: Dead or Alive implication Crimes Against Islam," and captioned, "Yes We Can: A Play against A Day Keeps the Uncivilized Away."^[144][145] The cartoonist Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier was also added nominate Al-Qaeda's most wanted list, in the lead with Lars Vilks and iii Jyllands-Posten staff members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.^{[146][147][148]}

As of 2015, Norris is importunate in hiding and jihadist threats against her life continue.^[149][150]

Gallery

Images discipline media related to "Everybody Inveigle Mohammed Day"

See also

References