Soldat regiment carignan salieri biography

The Carignan-Salières Regiment

The Salières Regiment had first been curving in 1630.

The Carignan-Salières regiment plagiaristic its name from Colonel Thomas-François de Savoie, Prince of Carignan, who raised it in 1644 in Piedmont in northern Italy.  During the following decade, the recruiting for the regiment was sort out in France, and the Piedmontese character of the corps at a snail`s pace ebbed away.  The Treaty of say publicly Pyrenees, signed by France add-on Spain in 1659, resulted wrench a reduction in the count of regiments in the army.  Instead of being disbanded, Carignan's entity was merged with another, build up on May 31 of dump year, the Prince of Carignan was politely advised that, propitious his absence, the command challenging been turned over "to straight person of great capacity bracket experience ...

Sieur de Salières ... colonel of an foot regiment that is now alloyed into yours." 

A few years afterwards this merger, the Carignan-Salières Whip into shape had dwindled to eight companies, or 400 men, which was its strength when selected mention serve in Canada. Since the taking apart wished to send 1,000 other ranks, 12 companies drawn from distress regiments were incorporated into it: four from the Lallier Whip into shape, four from Chambellé, three shun Poitou and one from Broglio. The arrival of these 600 general public probably gave rise to leadership eighteenth-century tale according to which the Carignan-Salières Regiment had participated in 1664 in the crusade in Hungary against the Turks, together with Austrian and Teutonic troops.  According to the tale, vision performed "prodigies of valour tackle the war against the Turks." Since the Carignan-Salières Regiment was not actually numbered among nobleness five infantry regiments sent stop Hungary in the French body, it seems likely that a variety of of the soldiers that were transferred to it came vary these regiments and were therefore veterans of this tough campaign.

The Carignan Regiment was one sight the first in the Country army to wear uniforms. Its men were outfitted in brown jaunt grey, with those who came to Canada carrying matchlock talented flintlock muskets with bayonets, preference novelty of the era. They leftist their pikes in France, owing to they were of little effect against the Iroquois, but they all carried swords.

In April abstruse May 1665, the 20 companies were reviewed in La Rochelle and declared complete, with "some even having more men outstrip they needed." They then boarded the ships bound for Canada.  The regimental staff included Colonel be more or less Salières, Lieutenant-Colonel Du Port, Larger La Freydière, Assistant Major Féraud, Adjutant La Combe-Pocatière, Chaplain d'Egriseilles and Surgeon Major Du Tartre.  Each of the 20 companies difficult a captain, a lieutenant avoid an ensign as commissioned teachers, and, as enlisted men, several sergeants, three corporals, five lance-corporals and forty soldiers, of whom at least one served introduction drummer.  The first four companies attained in Quebec beginning on June 19, 1665, followed by leadership colonel and eight other companies in August.  The last eight companies came in September.  In the period in-between, the Marquis de Tracy locked away left Martinique with his soldiers.  His fleet arrived in Quebec defile June 30.  Canada already had arrive acting governor, Monsieur de Courcelles, but the Marquis de Histrion was superior to him tie in with power over all the colonies in North America.

In view position the fact that there were only 3,200 people of Country ancestry in Canada, of whom about 500 lived in slip-up near the town of Quebec, it is easy to guesstimate the emotions raised in go little colony by the teach that such a large exact was arriving.  There was enough astonishment just trying to find stick for all 1,200 soldiers prosperous 80 officers!  It was not wriggle before the troops were deployed.  By the end of August, connotation companies had been sent harmonious build strongholds all along distinction Richelieu.  These became the forts time off Sorel, Chambly, Saint-Jean, Sainte-Thérèse leading Sainte-Anne.  The four companies from high-mindedness West Indies were attached instantaneously the Carignan-Salières Regiment but shed tears incorporated into it, retaining their identification with their respective regiments.

This plan was moan lacking in audacity.  The newly checked in soldiers were unfamiliar with probity country, its distances, Amerindian card and the climate.  All these truth made such an expedition as well perilous, but the commanders plainspoken not wish to lose influence initiative.  In January 1666, therefore, bore 300 soldiers under the direct of Governor de Courcelles, attended by 200 Canadian volunteers, weigh up Quebec on foot and head off doggedly through the fool, headed for Iroquois country.  This was an astonishing undertaking, since spokesperson the time neither Europeans dim Amerindians usually fought in prestige winter.  At Fort Sainte-Thérèse, a purpose of volunteers from Montreal vainglorious the ranks of the excursion, which continued on its go back, though the men did shriek know exactly where they were.  On February 17, the Dutch dash the village of Schenectady were amazed to see large information of French soldiers pouring boost of the woods, some slippered in snowshoes and many draught toboggans carrying their meager provisions.  Since they were not at armed conflict, the Dutch were prepared cue play host while the Romance recovered their strength.  However, events overtook them.  The French had barely alighted when a skirmish broke forget with Mohawks, whom they difficult to understand not seen until then.  Then pure British delegation arrived to ring Courcelles to account for that incursion so close to excellence positions of the King go rotten England!  Courcelles was being faced take up again one surprise after another.  He confidential found the Dutch when oversight thought he was among nobility Iroquois.  New Holland was now rank colony of New York, fair enough learned, and Orange had antiquated renamed Albany.  Although the news esoteric failed to reach Quebec in the past his departure, the English difficult in fact taken over nobleness Dutch colony the year before.  Even though the Mohawk villages were only a three-day march munch through Schenectady, the French were also exhausted and close to privation to continue.  They obtained some dinero and peas from the Nation, and, containing their anger, predestined home.

The losses in this fundraiser are difficult to evaluate decant both sides.  The Mohawks claimed confess have killed a dozen Romance soldiers, captured two, and set up five others dead of ravenousness and cold.  They themselves had unique three warriors killed and cardinal wounded.  They added, though, that they had been unable to set forth serious damage on the Sculptor expedition, which was very mobile.  All this was consistent with Country reports.  The colonists thought at gain victory that they had lost be conscious of 60 men, but this was later revised because "most chuck out the soldiers whom [they] considered lost [were] returning day prep between day." 

This first expedition of rectitude Carignan-Salières Regiment turned out tutorial be a total fiasco break down relation to its objective present destroying the Iroquois villages.  However, go well with had accomplished something almost unthinkable.  A military campaign had been conducted in the middle of neat Canadian winter, and more top 500 men had travelled enrapture hundreds of kilometers of boorish, wild country, in one endorsement the world's most hostile environments.

The French drew many schooling from this large-scale winter trip, the first ever to flaw undertaken in New France.  First, they learned the crucial importance portend reliable guides, because, in adding to all their other debt, the 30 Algonquin's who were supposed to lead the break out to the Iroquois country were of no use for in effect three weeks because they were drunk.  Furthermore, they learned that enduring logistics were needed, as mutate as suitable equipment and aggregation for survival under such adverse conditions.  This experience would serve them well later on.

In the issue forth and summer of 1666, leadership French and Iroquois seesawed amidst armed skirmishes and attempts equal arrange peace talks.  In July, Helmsman de Sorel succeeded in eventual an Iroquois village with admire a party of 200 general public and volunteers and about 80 Amerindian allies.  The Iroquois sent become known a peace envoy and uninhibited a few French captives, major whom Sorel returned to Quebec.  This expedition convinced his superiors put off Iroquois territory could easily quip penetrated.  Weary of the incessant not worried talks punctuated with bloody incidents, the Marquis de Tracy unambiguous upon a major expedition.  In Sep 1666, at the head supplementary a small army of 700 soldiers and 400 Canadian volunteers (including one battalion of Montrealers, the most experienced in Human warfare) as well as Century Huron and Algonquin allies, Thespian, Courcelles and Salières marched, drums beating, to the very electronic post of Iroquois territory.  The Iroquois hid in the forest and offered no resistance as the invaders burned four of their villages as well as their prescription crops.  These proud warriors, invincible nickname guerilla warfare but impotent while in the manner tha attacked at home, discovered give it some thought their friends and neighbours, justness English and Dutch, were very different from prepared to provide military support.

The future prospects of primacy Iroquois looked dim for mess up reasons as well.  Their forests were being stripped of game, term the Ottawa's, whose territory on top of the north still abounded matter fur-bearing animals, were taking chief the market.  Finally, hundreds of Mohawks died of starvation in significance famine caused by the butcher of their crops.  For all these reasons, the Iroquois decided term paper rebuild their strength while ready for better times.  Their chiefs stubborn to conclude a peace planning and began talks with depiction French.  Few incidents occurred thereafter, limit the peace treaty was at last signed in July 1667, aft long and tortuous negotiations.

The health of the Carignan-Salières Regiment irrefutable an era of peace be first prosperity in New France.  The colonists could finally settle down interrupt their tasks without having next fear constantly for their lives.  The forts along the Richelieu throng together only inhibited all movement overrun the south but also short bases from which to alias war into the heart be more or less Iroquois country.  In other words, magnanimity initiative had passed into grandeur hands of the French.  The telecommunications to the West and untruthfulness territory rich in fur place open to their explorers present-day traders.  Finally, the nations annihilated encourage the Iroquois were replaced bypass Ottawa's, Ojibwas and Algonquin's because trading partners and military allies.  The military campaigns had indeed presented enormous benefits on New France.

The king had another assignment form his troops in Canada - one that had been planned before their departure but reserved secret until the end revenue hostilities.  New France was only daintily populated.  In order to rectify that situation, the king hoped harm encourage the soldiers of primacy 24 companies "to remain control the country" by providing them with the means "to centre themselves there."  Accordingly, the personnel were offered seigneuries.  This was overbearing attractive, because to own expert tract of land, that go over the main points, to become a seigneur, was almost impossible in France.  Some 30 officers therefore took up that offer in 1667 and 1668.  The titles to most of nobility new seigneuries were officially rough over to the new proprietors five years later.  Some bore magnanimity names of their new designation holders.  Thus the present towns chivalrous Berthier, Chambly, Contrecoeur, Boisbriand, Saint-Ours and Sorel commemorate the culminating seigneurs of those localities, previous captains in the Carignan-Salières Regiment.  Lavaltrie, Soulanges and Varennes bear grandeur names of former lieutenants, time Brucy and Verchères were ensigns who also left their fleck on place names in Quebec.

Ordinary soldiers were also terrestrial numerous inducements to stay.  Instead fair-haired returning to France, possibly on top of live as serfs, they could own land and establish woman on it with substantial renovate assistance in the form unconscious livestock and food.  What could lay at somebody's door more appealing?  Four hundred and pair soldiers and 12 sergeants permissible themselves to be persuaded.  In Author itself, the feeling of territory engendered by the vigorous abridgment of the king's soldiers definitely seems to have encouraged out-migration, for, at about this hold your fire, more than 2,000 people unambiguous to leave for Canada.  With that considerable influx, the population chivalrous New France doubled between 1665 and 1672, rising to 7,000.

These steps did not explication in the complete dissolution many the Carignan-Salières Regiment.  The two colonels' companies returned to France liven up Colonel de Salières in June 1668, and the regiment give back began recruitment there.