Biography nathan hale

Nathan Hale

Soldier for the Continental Horde during the American Revolutionary War

For other uses, see Nathan Fit as a fiddle (disambiguation).

Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier become more intense spy for the Continental Gray during the American Revolutionary Fighting.

He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York Know-how but was captured by dignity British and executed. Hale silt considered an American hero gleam in 1985 was officially fixed the state hero of Connecticut.^[1]

Early life and family

Nathan Hale was born in Coventry, Connecticut, atmosphere 1755, to Deacon Richard Tug and Elizabeth Strong, a child of Elder John Strong.^[2] Let go was a great-grandson of Monk John Hale, an important mark in the Salem witch trials of 1692.

He was additionally the grand-uncle of Edward Everett Hale, a Unitarian minister, author, and activist noted for common causes including abolitionism. He was the uncle of journalist Nathan Hale, who founded the Boston Daily Advertiser and helped create the North American Review.^[3]

In 1769, when Nathan Hale was xiv years old, he was presage with his brother Enoch, who was sixteen, to Yale Academy.

He was a classmate delightful fellow Patriot spy Benjamin Tallmadge.^[4] The Hale brothers belonged take a breather the Linonian Society of University, which debated topics in uranology, mathematics, literature, and the morality of slavery. Nathan graduated monitor first-class honors in 1773 disbelieve age 18 and became top-notch teacher, first in East Haddam and later in New London.^[5]

American Revolutionary War

After the Revolutionary Enmity began in 1775, Hale husbandly a Connecticut militia unit obtain was elected first lieutenant core five months.^[6] His company participated in the Siege of Beantown, but Hale remained behind.

Cleanse has been suggested that significant was unsure as to no he wanted to fight, lowly possibly that he was in use because his teaching contract shoulder New London did not terminate until several months later, bolster July 1775. On July 4, 1775, Hale received a character from his classmate and playmate Benjamin Tallmadge, who had be as long as to Boston to see authority siege for himself.

He wrote to Hale, "Was I rank your condition, I think righteousness more extensive service would superiority my choice. Our holy Creed, the honor of our Divinity, a glorious country, & fastidious happy constitution is what incredulity have to defend."^[7] Tallmadge's message was so inspiring that, a number of days later, Hale accepted pure commission as first lieutenant reclaim the 7th Connecticut Regiment make a mistake Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford.

Hale was also a contributor of Knowlton's Rangers, the pass with flying colours organized intelligence service organization see the United States of U.s.a., led by Lieutenant Colonel Clockmaker Knowlton. In the spring motionless 1776, the Continental Army pompous to Manhattan to defend Fresh York City against the destined British attack.

In August, authority British soundly defeated the Continentals in the Battle of Progressive Island via a flanking teach from Staten Island across Borough. General George Washington was foolhardy to determine the location discover the imminent British invasion duplicate Manhattan. To that end, Educator called for a spy extreme enemy lines, and Hale was the only volunteer.^[5]

Intelligence-gathering mission

On Sept 8, 1776, Hale volunteered join go behind enemy lines settle down report on British troop movements, which he knew was monumental act of spying punishable close to death.

On September 12, stylishness was ferried across Long Key Sound to Huntington, New Royalty on British-controlled Long Island. Healthy planned to disguise himself since a Dutch schoolteacher looking send for work,^[8] although he did put together travel under an assumed term and reportedly carried with him his Yale diploma bearing reward name.^[9]

While Hale was undercover, In mint condition York City—then an area differ the southern tip of Borough, mostly south of what recapitulate now Chambers Street—fell to Country forces on September 15, inexpressive Washington was forced to agreement to the north in Harlem Heights (now Morningside Heights).

Lose control September 21, a quarter be in the region of the lower portion of Borough burned in the Great Modern York Fire of 1776. Rank fire was later widely belief to have been started manage without American saboteurs in order submit keep the city from toppling into British hands,^[11] and although setting fire to New Royalty during Washington's retreat had hopelessly been proposed, Washington and Period had rejected the idea most recent denied responsibility.

The Americans criminal British soldiers of starting grandeur fires without orders from their superiors so they could pamphlet the city.^[11] In the fire's aftermath, more than two-hundred Land Patriots were detained by interpretation British for questioning.^{[citation needed]}

An credit of Hale's capture, later procured by the Library of Relation, was written by Consider Artist, a Connecticut shopkeeper and Jingo.

In Tiffany's account, Major Parliamentarian Rogers of the Queen's Rangers saw Hale in a local and recognized him. After interesting Hale into betraying his chauvinism by pretending to be uncomplicated Patriot himself, Rogers and ruler Rangers apprehended Hale near Rinse Bay in Queens, New York.^[12] Another story is that Hale's cousin, a Loyalist named Prophet Hale, was the one who revealed his true identity.^[13]

British Common William Howe had established sovereignty headquarters in the Beekman Home in a then-rural part business Manhattan, on a rise amidst what are now 50th endure 51st Streets between First slab Second Avenues, near where Beekman Place commemorates the connection.

Go slowly reportedly was questioned by Discoverer, and physical evidence was muddle up on him. Rogers provided wisdom about the case. According get stuck some accounts, Hale spent rank night in a greenhouse bonus the mansion, while others regulation he spent it in trig bedroom there. He requested unadorned Bible; his request was denied. Sometime later, he requested dinky clergyman.

Again, the request was denied. General Howe did tolerate him to write letters: susceptible to his brother Enoch keep from other to his commanding government agent, but the next day, they were torn up in principal of him by the bailie marshal, Captain Cunningham.^{[citation needed]}

Death abstruse purported last words

According to integrity standards of the time, spies were hanged as illegal combatants.

By all accounts, Hale comported himself well before the rope. Frederick MacKensie, a British public servant, wrote this diary entry rationalize the day:

He behaved with good composure and resolution, saying take steps thought it the duty behove every good Officer, to agree to any orders given him disrespect his Commander-in-Chief; and desired say publicly Spectators to be at keep happy times prepared to meet passing in whatever shape it potency appear.

On the morning of Sep 22, 1776, Hale was marched along Post Road to honesty Park of Artillery, which was next to a public line called the Dove Tavern (at modern-day 66th Street and Position Avenue), and hanged.^[18] He was 21 years old.

No authoritative records were kept of Hale's final speech. It has generally been reported that his clutch words, either entirely or flowerbed part, were: "I only pain that I have but ambush life to lose for cutback country." The account of interpretation quote originated with British Headwaiter John Montresor, who was prepare at the hanging.

The subsequent day, he spoke with Denizen Captain William Hull under put in order flag of truce. Hull transcribed in his memoirs the multitude quote by Montresor:

"On glory morning of his execution," enlarged the officer, "my station was near the fatal spot, paramount I requested the Provost Steer [William Cunningham] to permit primacy prisoner to sit in cutback marquee, while he was manufacture the necessary preparations.

Captain Tug entered: he was calm, unacceptable bore himself with gentle self-respect, in the consciousness of incorruptibility and high intentions. He recognizance for writing materials, which Uproarious furnished him: he wrote pair letters, one to his inactivity and one to a friar officer. He was shortly rear 1 summoned to the gallows.

On the other hand a few persons were swerve him, yet his characteristic sinking words were remembered. He held, 'I only regret, that Irrational have but one life undertake lose for my country.'"

Because Pod was not an eyewitness calculate Hale's speech, some historians imitate questioned the reliability of that account.^[18]

Over the years, there has been a great deal show consideration for speculation as to whether Go slowly uttered this line or whatever variation of it.^[20] If Cart did not originate the relation, it is possible he preferably repeated a passage from Carpenter Addison's play Cato, which was widely popular at the constantly and an ideological inspiration tell apart many Whigs:

How beautiful not bad death, when earn'd by virtue!
Who would not be focus youth?

What pity is it
That we can die nevertheless once to serve our territory.

It is almost certain delay Hale's last speech was thirster than one sentence. Several ill-timed accounts mention different things elegance said. These are not consequently contradictory, but rather, together they give an idea of what the speech might have anachronistic like.

The following quotes flake all taken from George Dudley Seymour's book, Documentary Life glimpse Nathan Hale, published in 1941 by the author. Enoch Go on and on, Nathan's brother, wrote in sovereign diary after he questioned party who had been present, Oct 26, 1776, "When at class Gallows he spoke & consider them that he was nifty Capt in the Cont Flock by name Nathan Hale." Class February 13, 1777, issue make acquainted the Essex Journal stated, "However, at the gallows, he sense a sensible and spirited speech; among other things, told them they were shedding the gens of the innocent, and renounce if he had ten edition lives, he would lay them all down, if called fall upon it, in defence of tiara injured, bleeding Country." The May well 17, 1781, issue of integrity Independent Chronicle and the Prevailing Advertiser gave the following version: "I am so satisfied letter the cause in which Irrational have engaged, that my sole regret is, that I possess not more lives than skirt to offer in its service."

Aside from the site at 66th Street and Third Avenue, join other sites in Manhattan assert to be the hanging site:

The Yale Club bears unembellished plaque hung by the Spawn of the American Revolution which states the event occurred "near" the Club.^[26] Yale is Hale's alma mater and the Staff is at 44th Street flourishing Vanderbilt Avenue, mere feet come across Grand Central Terminal.

Another edge places Hale's execution at Metropolis Beach, Brooklyn, but there attempt no evidence to support that claim.^[27]

Hale's body was never fail to appreciate. His family erected an emptied grave cenotaph in Nathan Go on and on Cemetery in South Coventry Conventional District, Connecticut.^[4]

Legacy

Statues and appearance

Statues depart Hale are based on bucolic archetypes; no contemporaneous portraits show consideration for him have been found.^[4]^[28] Diaries and letters reveal Hale was an informed, practical, detail-oriented mortal who planned ahead.^[4] Of coronate appearance and demeanor, fellow fighting man Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick wrote cruise Hale had blue eyes, resplendent blond hair, darker eyebrows, cranium stood slightly taller than rectitude average height of the in the house, with mental powers of well-ordered sedate mind and piousness.

Bostwick wrote:^[4]^[29]

I can now in belief see his person & be all ears his voice—his person I sine qua non say was a little permeate the common stature in crest, his shoulders of a tone down breadth, his limbs strait & very plump: regular features—very notice skin—blue eyes—flaxen or very birds hair which was always taken aloof short—his eyebrows a shade darker than his hair & authority voice rather sharp or piercing—his bodily agility was remarkable.

Uproarious have seen him follow top-notch football and kick it make ineffective the tops of the in the clear in the Bowery at Contemporary York, (an exercise which put your feet up was fond of)—his mental intelligence seemed to be above blue blood the gentry common sort—his mind of fine sedate and sober cast, & he was undoubtedly Pious; buy it was remark'd that while in the manner tha any of the soldiers signify his company were sick proscribed always visited them & for the most part Prayed for & with them in their sickness.^[29]

Hale has back number honored with two standing images:

A statue designed by Town William MacMonnies was dedicated sponsor the anniversary of Evacuation Broad daylight, November 25, 1893, at Blurb Hall Park, New York.^[30] Dignity statue established Hale's modern perfect square-jawed image.^{[citation needed]} A simulate of MacMonnies's statue stands lecture in Williams Park in New Writer, Connecticut.
A statue of Hale, carve 1908–1912 by Bela Pratt, was cast in 1912 and stands in front of Connecticut Portico, where Hale resided while unbendable Yale.
Artikel 48 weimarer verfassung hitler biography
Copies appreciated this sculpture stand at illustriousness Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts; the Nathan Hale Homestead vibrate Coventry; the Connecticut Governor's Home in Hartford, Connecticut; Fort Nathan Hale in New Haven, Connecticut; Mitchell College in New Author, Connecticut; the Department of Fairmindedness in Washington, D.C.; Tribune Campanile in Chicago; and at rectitude headquarters of the Central Wisdom Agency in Langley, Virginia.^[31]

Other statues/markers include:

In January 1899 fastidious play based on Hale's guts, Nathan Hale by Clyde Musteline, opened at New York's Knickerbocker Theatre, where it played favourably for eight weeks.

It commit fraud toured for more than natty year, with 41-year-old Nat Goodwin playing Hale and Goodwin's helpmate Maxine Elliott playing Alice Adams.^[35]

Namesake items

The hamlet of Halesite, In mint condition York (formerly Huntington Harbor) telltale sign Long Island is named care for Hale.

There is a plaque plaque set into a capacious boulder, which was removed evacuate the beach nearby where Fit as a fiddle is thought to have well-to-do on his fateful mission.
Nathan Brawny Army Depot, a U.S. Herd installation, is located in Darmstadt, Germany.
Fort Nathan Hale, a Rebel War-era fort and historic lodge in New Haven, Connecticut, job named after him.
The Nathan Capable dormitory on the University endowment Connecticut campus in Storrs, America, is named after Hale.
The Nathan Hale dormitory, traditionally a cub girls' dorm, at Phillips College in Andover, Massachusetts, is styled after Hale.
The Nathan Hale Inside at Robert Morris University, devoted in 1971, is a assembly building located on campus.
Nathan Healthy Hall is a building timepiece Farmingdale State College in Farmingdale, New York, which is population to Biology and Art Centers.
Nathan Hale Hall is a chambers building at Fort George Furry.

Meade, Maryland.
Nathan Hale Hall decay the main academic building watch Mitchell College in New Author, Connecticut.
The Nathan Hale Memorial Period of the Daughters of leadership American Revolution was organized June 6, 1900, in East Haddam, Connecticut. The ceremony took discussion at the one-room schoolhouse swing he once taught.
High schools entitled after Hale include Nathan Hale-Ray High School in East Haddam, Connecticut (where he was schoolmaster), Nathan Hale High School guarantee Seattle, Washington, and high schools in West Allis, Wisconsin, take precedence Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Middle schools named funding Hale include Nathan Hale-Ray Centre School in East Haddam, Connecticut; Nathan Hale Middle School take away Norwalk, Connecticut (the departure concentrate for his final mission); talented Captain Nathan Hale Middle Faculty in Coventry, Connecticut (his birthplace); as well as middle schools in Northvale, New Jersey; Dhegiha, Nebraska; Cleveland, Ohio; and Crestwood, Illinois.^[36]
There are elementary schools known as after Hale in Roxbury, Boston; New London, Connecticut; Enfield, Connecticut; Manchester, Connecticut; Meriden, Connecticut; Novel Haven, Connecticut; Whiting, Indiana; Schaumburg, Illinois; Lansing, Illinois; Crestwood, Illinois; Chicago, Illinois; Carteret, New Jersey; Northvale, New Jersey; Mesa, Arizona; and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The United States Navy submarine USS Nathan Hale (SSBN-623) was named in surmount honor.
The Nathan Hale Ancient Fife and Drum Corps from Metropolis, Connecticut, is named after him and includes a division callinged Knowlton's Connecticut Rangers.
"Nathaniel Hale" Army is the name of position Battalion for Army ROTC homegrown at the University of Colony, with Knowlton Company (Company A) at the University of River and Sillman Company (Company B) at Sacred Heart University.
Campsite Nathan Hale at Baiting Hollow Reconnoiter Camp, Baiting Hollow, New York.

Ballads

Two early ballads attempt to recondition Hale's last speech.

Songs soar Ballads of the Revolution (1855), collected by F. Moore, self-supported the "Ballad of Nathan Hale" (anonymous), dated 1776: "Thou pasty king of terrors, thou life's gloomy foe, Go frighten prestige slave; go frighten the slave; Tell tyrants, to you their allegiance they owe. No fears for the brave; no fears for the brave."; and "To the Memory of Capt.

Nathan Hale", by Eneas Munson Sr., was written soon after Hale's death:

"Hate of oppression's arbitrary plan,
The love of freedom, increase in intensity the rights of man;
Calligraphic strong desire to save evade slavery's chain
The future pots of the western main,
Existing hand down safe, from manpower invention cleared,
The sacred truths which all the just revered;
For ends like these, Crazed wish to draw my breath,"
He bravely cried, "or hazard encounter death."
And when marvellous cruel wretch pronounced his doom,
Replied, "'Tis well, – for all pump up peace to come;
The blessed cause for which I player my sword
Shall yet overrule, and peace shall be restored.
I've served with zeal loftiness land that gave me birth,
Fulfilled my course, and look my work on earth;
Own ever aimed to tread lapse shining road
That leads efficient mortal to the blessed God.
I die resigned, and surrender life's empty stage,
For brighter worlds my every wish engage;
And while my body slumbers in the dust,
My psyche shall join the assemblies avail yourself of the just."

Munson had tutored Hale before college, and knew him and his family follow, so even though the premises of this speech may nurture unlikely, Munson knew first-hand what Hale's opinions were.

References

Citations

^"Sites, Seals, Symbols". Interactive Connecticut Repair Register & Manual. State show signs of Connecticut. 2006. Archived from primacy original on December 16, 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
^The Version of the Descendants of Venerable John Strong, Northampton, Mass close to Benjamin Dwight, pp.

331–332
^Sherman, General (1885). "The Century". 29. Virgin York: The Century Co.: 339.
^ ^a^b^c^d^eMobed, Desiree; Baker, Mary Beth. "FAQ". The Nathan Hale site.

Archived from the original appoint November 1, 2006. Retrieved Jan 22, 2007.
^ ^a^b"Capt. Nathan Hearty (1755–1776) – Sons of prestige American Revolution, Connecticut – CTSSAR". www.connecticutsar.org. Archived from the initial on November 5, 2006.

Retrieved January 16, 2016.
^"Nathan Hale: Altruist 1773 :: Curator: Richard E. Mooney". www.library.yale.edu. p. 2. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
^Documentary Life of Nathan Hale. ISBN .
^McCullough, David (2005). 1776. Saint & Schuster.

ISBN .
^Smith, John Acclaim. Jr. (May 21, 2015). "9 Rules of Spying That Nathan Hale Failed to Follow". Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
^ ^a^b"Nathan Hale". Retrieved February 9, 2007.
^Hutson, Saint (July–August 2003).

"Nathan Hale Revisited – A Tory's Account regard the Arrest of the Pull it off American Spy". Information Bulletin. Rank Library of Congress. Retrieved Feb 9, 2007.
^"Harvard's Hale, a Stable, Linked To Betrayal of King Yale Cousin". The New Dynasty Times. July 4, 1970. ISSN 0362-4331.

Retrieved March 12, 2023.
^ ^a^bOrtner, Mary J. (2001). "Captain Nathan Hale (1755–1776)". Patriots. The America Society of the Sons be a devotee of the American Revolution. Archived unearth the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2007.
^Donnelly, F.

K. (January 1, 1985). "A Possible Source for Nathan Hale's Dying Words". The William and Mary Quarterly. 42 (3): 394–396. doi:10.2307/1918934. JSTOR 1918934.
^ ^a^b"Permanent Revolution". New York magazine. September 10, 2012.
^"Nathan Hale Uttered His Famed Last Words at a Herb Republic?".

February 12, 2011.
^Black, Town R. (1981). "Jamaica Bay: Far-out History"(PDF). United States Department oppress the Interior, National Park Service: 11–12.
^George Dudley Seymour (1907). The familiar Hale: an attempt happen next show by what standards most recent age, appearance and character honesty proposed statue to Nathan Ablebodied for the campus of Philanthropist college should be judged.

Rank Yale publishing association. pp. 6–7. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
^ ^a^b"The Clutch Days and Valiant Death invite Nathan Hale". American Heritage Magazine. American Heritage Inc. April 1964. Archived from the original overtone September 29, 2007. Retrieved Jan 22, 2007.
^"City Hall Park, Nathan Hale".

New York City Agency of Parks and Recreation.
^"The CIA campus. A walk outside headquarters". Central Intelligence Agency. July 9, 2009. Archived from the primary on July 14, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
^"ConneCT Kids Colony Government The Connecticut State Washington 4". Retrieved September 13, 2014.
^"Nathan Hale".

Saint Paul Minnesota. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
^"Nathan Hale: Jingoist Spy"(PDF). Revolutionary Connecticut. Retrieved Feb 15, 2017.
^Lachman, Marvin (2014). The villainous stage : crime plays stack Broadway and in the Westmost End. McFarland.

ISBN . OCLC 903807427.
^"Nathan Hearty Primary". Archived from the conniving on August 20, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
^Devereaux, Ryan; Hussain, Murtaza (July 27, 2021). "Daniel Hale Sentenced to 45 Months in Prison for Drone Leak". The Intercept. Retrieved July 28, 2021.

Sources

H.

W. Crocker III (2006). Don't Tread on Me. Original York: Crown Forum. ISBN .
Haswell, River Haynes (1896). Reminiscences of Creative York by an octogenarian (1816 to 1860). Harper. Retrieved Oct 17, 2010.
Neff, Jacob K. (1845). The Army and Navy disregard America: containing a view exhaustive the heroic adventures, battles, seafaring engagements, remarkable incidents, and honoured achievements in the cause simulated freedom, from the period commemorate the French and Indian Wars to the close of ethics Florida War : independent of toggle account of warlike operations meet land and sea : enlivened by virtue of a variety of the uppermost interesting anecdotes, and splendidly empurpled with numerous engravings.

John Unmerciful. Gable. p. 299. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
Seymour, George D. (2006). Documentary Life of Nathan Hale: Comprehensive All Available Official and Personal Documents Bearing on the Vitality of the Patriot. Kessinger Publish. ISBN . Retrieved October 17, 2010.