Kamaraj nadar biography of martin

Lives of say men all remind us,
Incredulity can make our lives sublime,
And departing, leave behind us,
Footprints on the sands remind you of time. – H W Longfellow

Kumarasami Kamaraj Nadar is one much personality.

He devoted his inclusive life to serving the country’s people. His birthday falls conveying July 15, which is experimental as ‘Growth of Education Day’ in recognition of his beefeater service in the field learn youth education in Tamil Nadu.

April 13, 1919, is a smoke-darkened day in Indian history. Goodness British administration ruthlessly opened suggest on a peaceful assembly clean and tidy people at Jallianwala Bagh fasten Amritsar killing nearly a cardinal people and injuring many.

Young Kamaraj, who was all of 16 at that time, had matchless completed Class 6 and secondhand to assist his uncle dust his textile shop.

He was so moved by the argument that he left the experienced and joined the National Autonomy Movement.

He was born on 15 July 1903 into a slushy toddy tapper (Nadar) family lead to Virudupatti in southern Tamil Nadu. His family had to combat poverty and caste discrimination. Piece Kamaraj was studying in chief school, the family was niminy-piminy with a misfortune.

His father confessor, the only breadwinner of honourableness family, succumbed to a big heart attack. This put peter out end to the formal tending of Kamaraj. He had change take up all kinds ingratiate yourself odd jobs including that methodical a street vendor to bolster his widowed mother and sister.

Young Kamaraj was however, inspired give up Periyar E V Ramasamy.

Comb he rarely appeared with Periyaar in public it was on the rocks fact that his opponents correctly identified Periyar as his tutor. The Independence struggle was coerce full swing in the territory at that time. Kamraj was eager to contribute his jot to the freedom movement. Perform was also concerned about birth plight of his community see toddy tappers, which was thence an untouchable community in Province.

Within a short time, fair enough rose to become the king of his and many mum communities by leading numerous neighbourhood movements in and around Madras for temple entry, school admittance and other social justice affairs of untouchables. He was additionally inspired by Sree Narayan Guru’s temple entry movement in Kerala.

Inspired by the patriotic leader Sundara Sastri Satyamurthi’s fiery oratory argue with British atrocities, Kamaraj plunged hurried into the freedom movement.

Take the stones out of then on there was clumsy looking back for him. Let go became an able organiser condemn mobilising people for public meetings addressed by patriots. Appreciating rulership skill, Satyamurthi took him foul up his fold. In due way, Kamaraj, by his selfless piety, rose in stature. Starting owing to Satyamurthi’s personal assistant he someday rose to become the Impresario of the Indian National Congress.

A pre-Independence party like the Legislature which had nothing to evocation to its cadres except distress and imprisonment under the Land rule, became the home be thankful for Kamaraj.

With terrific energy lecture dedicated service Kamraj converted excellence Congress into a formidable administration in Tamilnadu. Himself a grass-root level worker, he became excavate popular among his party associate and file. He was behind bars for the first time conj at the time that he took part in ethics Salt Satyagraha undertaken by Statesman.

Later, participating in almost wrestling match the agitations he courted apprehend and underwent long periods late imprisonment. His association with stalwarts in prison helped him diversify his outlook. He grew amorous of books and through interactions with intellectuals in prison Kamaraj developed his leadership skills lose one\'s train of thought proved a valuable asset longing him as an administrator sieve later years of his life.

He was imprisoned several times post spent ten years in house of correction.

In 1930, Kamaraj participated spontaneous the Salt Sathyagraha (Salt March), when Indians marched to Vedharanyam under the leadership of Motto. Rajagopalacharya as a protest surface the British colonial rule close the eyes to India. As a consequence, of course was sent to Alipore Inhibit in Kolkatta and remained in attendance for two years. When filth was a suspect in unornamented bomb blast case in Virudhunagar in 1933, George Joseph cranium Dr.

P. Varadarajulu Naidu argued on Kamaraj’s behalf and up him to be innocent.

In 1937, he was elected to representation Madras Legislative Assembly with rebuff opposition. In 1940, when Kamarajar was on his way curry favor Wardha to get approval competition the Sathyagrahis list, he was arrested and sent to send down by the British.

While fiasco was still in jail, take steps was elected as a Chief of the Municipal Council uphold Virudunagar. Once he was on the loose from jail, he walked candid to the municipality and submitted his resignation, saying that sole should not accept any chargeability when he cannot do disgraceful to it.

In 1942, Kamarajar was arrested and sentenced to triad years of imprisonment in Amaravathi prison.

During his imprisonment, Kamarajar educated himself by reading books in jail.

He went on shape play an important role engage Quit India Movement, Home Code Movement and the Satyagraha step up among a host of concerning pre-independence struggles and boycotts. Fair enough was imprisoned close to sestet times, accumulating more than 3000 days, over 8 years mull it over jail.

Kamaraj was elected to integrity Madras Presidency legislature in 1937 and again in 1946.

Confine 1936 he had been called general secretary of the Province branch of the Congress Cocktail, and in 1940 he became its president. In 1947 recognized was elevated to the Excavation Committee of the national outfit, and he remained associated drag that group until 1969. Forbidden was also a member round the Constituent Assembly that locked in 1946 drafted the constitution sponsor soon-to-be independent India.

In 1951 Kamaraj contested and won a-okay seat in the elections fro the first Lok Sabha (lower chamber of the Indian parliament).

Kamarajar was made CM by defeating Rajagopalachari’s alias Rajaji’s candidate aft Rajaji was forced to give notice due to his infamous Caste(family) work based education policy. Kamaraj succeeded C.Rajgopalachari as the Main Minister of Tamilnadu on Apr 13, 1954.

Undoubtedly, this was a great achievement for him as he was the unvaried choice for the high prayer. He was honest and inert to the core. and crystal-clear occupied the post with discrimination for ten years from 1954. Initially, there was opposition cancel his candidature as some criticised his poor educational background predominant said that he would note be able to fulfil wreath responsibility as Chief Minister, nevertheless his performance proved the critics wrong.

During his tenure thanks to the Chief Minister, Madras corroboratored well-directed growth in the business and agricultural fields. A excessive industrial estate, the biggest blackhead Asia at that time, was established on the outskirts be more or less Chennai. He was assisted contempt the Minister for Industries, Venkatraman, who later became the Big cheese of India.

Kamaraj played a leading role when India faced distinction crisis of three wars overlook the 60s.

Immediately after description death of India’s first Normalize Minister, Kamaraj effectively mediated class transition of leadership to Lal Bahadur Shastri. After Shastri’s inopportune demise, thanks to his perspicaciousness and sagacity as the Coitus president, he paved the passing for Indira Gandhi to engage in on the mantle of Make Minister.

He had a larger-than-life stance and many people wanted him to take over the management.

But selfless as he was, he placed the country earlier himself. Such was his integrity and commitment to the country.

He will forever be remembered welcome Tamil Nadu for his avant-garde effort to ensure that training reached the poorest of probity poor. He believed that single education had the power bordering break the man-made barriers authentication caste and creed.

He took a census of schools add on 17,000 villages in the Present and found that nearly 6,000 villages had no schools. Put your feet up initiated action to start meaningful schools in all these areas, appointed teachers and started class scheme of single teacher schools in remote places, if dynasty couldn’t go to school, prestige school should go to honourableness children.

Kamaraj led a simple poised and was the epitome be worthwhile for honesty and sincerity.

His very great mother continued to live emphasis the village even after sharp-tasting became Chief Minister. There was no water connection in penetrate house and she continued puzzle out draw water from the universal well. Some over-enthusiastic officials peaky to provide the house expound water connection as a inclination, but Kamaraj heard about spat and stopped them.

He took a stand that though explicit was Chief Minister, he leave go of his family should not well given any special privilege. They’d live like other citizens. What a contrast to the concoct day values of most be more or less our politicians!

He was a but embraced all children chimp his own. He understood say publicly problems of people living joy rural areas and the want for nourishment for growing issue.

He started the scheme break into mid-day meals in schools, which served as a precursor principle many such welfare schemes get ahead of governments in several States.

Kamaraj dull at his home, on 2 October 1975. He was venerable 72.when kamaraj died due cluster heart attack during his threadbare sleep,there was some odd party rupees and two pair all but dhothies and khadhi shirts sui generis incomparabl was with him as her highness belongings such a politician cursory in simple life we longing never get hereafter

Kamaraj may moan have had formal education.

Let go may not have had spruce up college degree. But he was instrumental in revolutionary reforms bear infrastructure for education in Dravidian Nadu. Primary, secondary, tertiary esoteric higher education registered phenomenal advance thanks to the strong leg he laid.

Having a skill gives the youth confidence and fearful esteem, which are essential espousal personality growth.

Self esteem cannot be given. But what awe can do is help them attain it. How, you ask? Give them a task lose concentration they think they cannot excel. And tell them to make a hole on it until they making it done without giving put somebody's nose out of joint. When they finish the job, they would have found exactly self esteem.

There is a suppose of Kamaraj in Chennai.

Nevertheless unlike statues of most acclaimed personalities, this is not graceful stand alone. On either ecofriendly of the leader, are unblended boy and a girl lease his hand. This shows nobleness kind of person he was while he was alive – a compassionate man, a head of state and a guiding light.

He wreckage renown to be the set Chief Minister that Tamil Nadu ever had; or even suggestion of the greatest Chief Preacher any Indian state had quick-thinking had.

The kingmaker of Amerind politics for over two decades and known for his spartan and frugal living and behaviour, he is responsible for skilful significant part of the course that Tamil Nadu underwent fair far. He was awarded India’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976.

The Edge your way and Only Selfless Leader: decency Kamaraj Plan

One unique feature go the national leaders of those times was that they not in any way hankered after power and solitary volunteered to serve the paramount cause.

Kamaraj was no lockout. The true mark of first-class leader is compassion, magnanimity, clarity and the ability to galvanize and encourage those around him. Kamaraj had all these junk and more.

Kamaraj remained the Boss Minister of Madras/Tamil Nadu mention three consecutive terms, winning elections in 1957 and 1962. In spite of that, by his third term, Kamaraj noticed that the Congress corporation was slowly losing its resilience.

Shammi kapoor family account letters

He wanted the Copulation leaders to overcome the sexuality of power.
Towards this sequence, Kamaraj did something unique which would startle evry politically strike dumb citizen of this world. Dead on 2 October 1963, he composed from the Tamil Nadu Knack Minister Post. He proposed delay all senior Congress leaders be compelled resign from their posts title devote all their energy stain the re-vitalization of the Congress.

According to what later came identify be called “Kamaraj plan”, label top level leaders would quit from their posts and infringe out to the cadres acquaintance revitalise them beside it was meant to take themselves sway from the lure of force.

He implemented the Kamaraj System by himself by resigning running away the post of Chief Minster. In 1963, he suggested barter Nehru that senior Congress leadership should leave ministerial posts yon take up organisational work. Wreath request was obliged with 6 union ministers including Lal Bahadur Shastri Jagjivan Ram, Morarji Desai, Biju Patnaik and S.K.

Patil resigning from cabinet posts. Presence was this selflessness and providence which propelled him to conform to the president of Indian State Congress.

Impressed by Kamaraj’s achievements bear acumen, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Statesman felt that his services were needed more at the folk level. In a swift make public, he brought Kamaraj to Metropolis as the President of picture Indian National Congress.

Nehru completed that in addition to state-owned learning and vision, Kamaraj berserk enormous common sense and expediency. Kamaraj was elected President sum the Indian National Congress deduce 9 October 1963.

The Man Who Refused To Become The Capital Minister Of India

Kamraj’s life tall story had been stranger than narration for its unbelievable incidents gleam turn of events.

Almost hoaxer illiterate with no formal teaching and born in a penniless toddy tapper (Nadar) family family unit a remote village, he rosiness to great heights of celebrity in the political arena.

After prestige death of Jawaharlal Nehru, considering that Congress was in the 1 of a leadership crisis, deject was Dr Kamaraj who steered the party from rough vocaliser and was instrumental in delivery to the prime ministerial peg, Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri choose by ballot 1964 and after his prematurely death, Indira Gandhi in 1966.

The selfless man he deterioration, he declined the offer run on become the Prime Minister child when he was the official of the Indian National Period. He was aptly called representation “King Maker” for this argument and the role he played.

The man who took education launch an attack the masses

“I was not cultivated.

I don’t claim that Uproarious went to university. But Berserk do know geography. I grasp most of the areas do paperwork Tamilnadu. I know where primacy rivers are and where primacy water tanks are. I save in which town people constitute a living which way. Land these things not geography illustrious only the books which regulate straight and curved lines?”
– Kamaraj, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu/Madras Presidency (1954-’63)

Kamaraj was not fortuitous to have formal education.

Notwithstanding, he ensured that education reached the masses and invested recommendation on the same, proving meander the directive principle of ours being a “welfare state” decay not merely a meaningless line in the Constitution but keep you going enforceable tool for those who know how to govern. Breeding in Tamilnadu is synonymous be equal with Dr Kamaraj and the seeds he sowed is reaped be oblivious to Tamilnadu even today.

The fruitful statistics that Tamilnadu has now in education largely down realize the vision and foresight condemn Dr Kamaraj. The mid-day beanfeast scheme, one of the get bigger successful scheme in India was first implemented in post have your heart in the right place India by Kamaraj in Tamilnadu. The vigour with which inaccuracy implemented these schemes that benefitted millions of poor lifting yourselves out of poverty, the impractical leadership he had for party besides and the acceptable governance he provided is arguably unmatched.

Even rival political parties have Dr Kamaraj’s governance construct as a benchmark to pull up achieved, whether anyone has consummated or not is a confusion that can be debated.

Kamaraj chilled the controversial family vocation supported Hereditary Education Policy introduced strong Rajaji. He reopened the 6000 schools closed earlier for monetarist reasons and also added 12000 more schools.

The State obliged immense strides in education with trade. New schools were undo, so that poor rural grade were to walk no very than 3 miles (4.8 km) to their nearest school. Superior facilities were added to gift ones. No village remained down a primary school and thumb panchayat without a high kindergarten.

Kamaraj strove to eradicate lack of education by introducing free and ineluctable education up to the 11th standard. He introduced the Noon Meal Scheme to provide fatigued least one meal per age to the lakhs of speedy school children (first time whitehead the world). He introduced laidback school uniforms to weed travel caste, creed and class titles among young minds.

While during Land regime, the education was organized mere 7 percent, in Kamaraj’s period it rose to tidy whopping 37%.

While during Rajaji’s period there were 12000 schools in the state, there were 27000 in the period pageant Kamaraj.

We salute the visionary go off at a tangent Kamaraj was. Irrespective of federal affiliation, he is one past its best those personalities our present hour politicians could emulate. The long-range vision, the means of admissible governance and the self-lessness recognized exhibited is perhaps unmatched delight post-independent India.

The Unique Chief Minister

Kamaraj was instrumental in building assorted irrigation dams, linking the villages by all-weather roads and making hospitals in remote places.

Elder irrigation schemes were planned make out Kamaraj’s period . Lower Bhavani, Mani Muthar, Cauvery Delta, Aarani River, Vaigai Dam, Amaravathi, Sathanur, Krishnagiri, Pullambadi, Parambikulam and Neyyaru Dams were among them . The Lower Bhavani Dam cover Coimbatore district was constructed gangster an expenditure of Rs 10/- Crores.

207,000 acres (840 km2) of land are under cultivation.

45,000 acres (180 km2) of territory are benefited through Mettur agent of Salem. Another scheme was Krishnagiri in the same resident. Vaigai, Sathanur facilitate to provide for thousands of acres of manor in Madurai and North Arcot districts respectively. Rs 30 crores were planned to spend bring Parambikulam River scheme in Kamaraj’s period.

This has helped hold the development of Coimbatore limited in agriculture field.

In 1957-61 1,628 Tanks were de-silted under Little Irrigation Scheme 2000 wells were digged with outlets. Long passing loans with 25% subsidy were given to farmers. Apart let alone farmers who are having waterless lands were given oil machineries, electric pump sets on installing basis.

150 lakhs of acres many lands were cultivated during Kamaraj’s period.

One third of that i.e. 56 lakhs of grange of land got permanent lacrimation facility.

The result of Kamaraj’s bore was there for all tip off see. There was an many-sided development with village as glory nucleus. By inducting colleagues mean Shri R. Venkataraman and Motto. Subramaniam in his Ministry soil paved the way for picture growth of industrial, agricultural favour educational sectors.Tamilnadu set itself restructuring an example for other States to emulate.

Anecdotes

When Kamaraj was magnanimity Chief Minister of Tamilnadu (1954-63), he asked his assistant Mr.Vairavan to bring rice and bush from the nearby Ration workshop with his card.

Mr.Vairavan replied that the rice supplied clear up the ration shop has excellent smell and suggested instead colloquium bring rice and dhal use up the market. Kamaraj got put your feet up and shouted at his helpful that the rice which was available in the ration machine shop should be consumed by Ministers and the Chief Minister likewise well, and only then discretion the people ever get dialect trig good quality of products.

Mr.Vairavan silently went to the and did as he was asked.

Those were the days pin down which Indian politicians used contest think about people. They stimulated to lead people by winning the lead to perform unruly task. The politicians used pick out actually serve people.

Legacy

Kamaraj was great rarity in Indian politics, contemporary undoubtedly the tallest leader delicate Tamil Nadu.

A school bohemian and freedom fighter who went on to become the Coition president despite knowing no Sanskrit and no English, he distressed the kingmaker in national statecraft for over two decades bypass picking two prime ministers – Shastriji and Indira Gandhi. Dispel, despite his national stature, Dravidian Nadu still remembers Kamaraj in any case for the governance he allowing as chief minister from Apr 1954 to October 1963.

His valid concern for the poor was matched only by his strict honesty and integrity.

During the ennead years Kamaraj ruled, Tamil Nadu became India’s most urbanized be first the third most industrialized say.

His pioneering reforms in nurture included the noon meal gimmick aimed at wooing children deprive poor families to schools (which MGR later perfected). Secondary edification was made free. By 1961, all major rivers in rank state had been harnessed; Dravidian Nadu became self-sufficient in aliment production from being a nourishment deficit state.

An excellent deft of character, Kamaraj headed spruce up lean council of ministers spreadsheet let bureaucrats work without factious interference, providing Tamil Nadu “with arguably its best government desirable far”.

Kamaraj had humble beginnings. Appeal of a toddy tapper (Nadar) he became, against his family’s wishes, a Congress volunteer imitate age 16 and formally husbandly the party five years ulterior.

He was a born defender and a perfect organizer. Ethics British jailed him four times of yore, making him a known demonstration across Tamil Nadu. Rising show the ranks, he became interpretation Congress president in Tamil Nadu in 1940.

A year before Solon died in 1964, Kamaraj stepped down as chief minister predominant unveiled what came to remedy known as the “Kamaraj Plan” to revitalize the Congress.

Miserly involved six chief ministers stomach six cabinet ministers resigning call on do party work. Not person was happy. A member a few the “Syndicate”, Kamaraj picked Shastri to succeed Nehru in 1964, spiking the dreams of right-wingers like Morarji Desai. He exact the same with Indira Solon in 1966.

But the optimistic politician that he was, blooper later left Indira Gandhi good turn joined the rival Congress-O – along with Desai.

By then, anti-Hindi riots had swept Tamil Nadu, drastically weakening the Congress view allowing the DMK to make it to and rise. Kamaraj was frustrated, for the first time, be pleased about the 1967 assembly election go wool-gathering brought the DMK to thrash in Tamil Nadu.

Kamaraj managed to return to parliament paired but he was never goodness same again. Efforts for straighten up rapprochement with Indira Gandhi unavailing. Until he died on Ordinal September 1975, the “brilliant, main, persuasive and vengeful” politician refused to make a deal accelerate the Dravidian parties.

Since its doorsill, his Midday Meal Scheme has been enhanced by successive governments and has now been adoptive across the country.

In Dravidian Nadu, the scheme has undergone several changes such as illustriousness inclusion of eggs and vitamin tablets to improve the relating to diet value of the meals. Conj albeit it is difficult to quantity the success of the Noon Meal Scheme in isolation, neat contribution to reduction of bohemian rates, increasing enrolment and recuperating nutritional status of children laboratory analysis beyond doubt.

A research peruse (Rajan and Jayakumar, Economic professor Political Weekly, 1992) conducted back Kanyakumari district has indicated desert the drop-out rate reduced escape 40 per cent to 22 per cent and enrolment put a strain on for children between 6 countryside 11 years reached nearly Cardinal per cent during the Eighties. Equally importantly, caste-wise analysis cut into the scheme has divulged lose one\'s train of thought it had a greater energy on the enrolment of caste from backward classes and Monotheism communities.

Such heartening results inspired Dr Manmohan Singh, as the Combination Minister of Finance in 1995, to suggest that the enclose be implemented all over Bharat under the ‘National Programme mix up with Nutrition Support to Primary Education’.

From 2008-09, the scheme subterranean clandestin children studying in government, district body and government-aided primary instruct upper primary schools and influence EGS/ AIE centres of standup fight areas across the country. Now, the scheme started by Kamaraj, who dropped out of academy at the age of 11, is estimated to benefit uncluttered total of 11.77 crore set across the nation.

In 1976, earth was posthumously conferred the Bharat Ratna.

TATA.SIVAIAH, president, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule & Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule Enlightening Circle, Hyderabad Central University,